{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/2/context.json","@type":"sc:Manifest","@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/36102325-4c72-4350-aa25-8bfc37bd7e96/manifest","label":"Doc597_63x51-4","metadata":[{"label":"Title","value":"Diary of David Clapp"},{"label":"Description","value":"This volume is an account of a journey Clapp and his wife took to Niagara Falls. Travelling by rail, the two changed trains frequently and befriended a foreign clergyman and his wife on the way. At Niagara Falls, they stayed in a temperance hotel. Clapp writes about the falls with awe, remarking that it was truly one of God's wonders./nClapp was well-known as a printer in Boston, Massachusetts. Born in Dorchester, Massachusetts, in 1806, he was educated locally and began working as a tanner at the age of 13. In 1822, he became an apprentice at John Cotton's printing shop in Boston. Although he finished his apprenticeship in 1827, he continued working for Cotton until 1831 when he started his own business. Henry Hull was his partner for a brief period of time. Clapp was a member of the Massachusetts Charitable Mechanic Association, the New-England Historic Genealogical Society, Saint Matthew's Church, and the Boston Old School Boys Association. He married Mary Elizabeth Tucker in 1835 and they had six children. He died on May 10, 1893./nThis is the fourth of four Clapp diaries in the collection."},{"label":"Date (EDTF)","value":"D:00 M:00 Y:1843"},{"label":"Creator","value":"David Clapp (1806-1893)"},{"label":"Place","value":"Niagara Falls, New York"},{"label":"Format","value":["Manuscript"]},{"label":"Subjects","value":["Diaries","Men-Diaries","Voyages and travels","Niagara Falls (N.Y. and Ont.)-Description and travel"]},{"label":"Identifier","value":"Document 597\n63x51.4"},{"label":"Rights","value":["No Copyright - United States"]},{"label":"Source Collection","value":["David Clapp Travel Diaries (Doc. 597)"]}],"description":"Diary of David Clapp","sequences":[{"@type":"sc:Sequence","canvases":[{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/36102325-4c72-4350-aa25-8bfc37bd7e96/canvas/_1","@type":"sc:Canvas","label":"00 inside front cover","height":1918,"width":1142,"images":[{"@type":"oa:Annotation","motivation":"sc:painting","resource":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/675c3330-6583-4924-99ab-b6647d445d39/full/full/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","service":{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/675c3330-6583-4924-99ab-b6647d445d39","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json","tiles":[{"width":512,"scaleFactors":[1,2,4]}]},"height":1918,"width":1142},"on":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/36102325-4c72-4350-aa25-8bfc37bd7e96/canvas/_1","metadata":[]}],"thumbnail":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/675c3330-6583-4924-99ab-b6647d445d39/full/500,500/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","height":500,"width":500}},{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/36102325-4c72-4350-aa25-8bfc37bd7e96/canvas/_2","@type":"sc:Canvas","label":"1","height":1911,"width":1154,"images":[{"@type":"oa:Annotation","motivation":"sc:painting","resource":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/4f33dd2a-03c7-4abc-8db6-891acc83b408/full/full/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","service":{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/4f33dd2a-03c7-4abc-8db6-891acc83b408","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json","tiles":[{"width":512,"scaleFactors":[1,2,4]}]},"height":1911,"width":1154},"on":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/36102325-4c72-4350-aa25-8bfc37bd7e96/canvas/_2","metadata":[]}],"thumbnail":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/4f33dd2a-03c7-4abc-8db6-891acc83b408/full/500,500/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","height":500,"width":500}},{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/36102325-4c72-4350-aa25-8bfc37bd7e96/canvas/_3","@type":"sc:Canvas","label":"10","height":1925,"width":1163,"images":[{"@type":"oa:Annotation","motivation":"sc:painting","resource":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/751ef04e-37f8-4155-89d1-22dc1c999ae3/full/full/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","service":{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/751ef04e-37f8-4155-89d1-22dc1c999ae3","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json","tiles":[{"width":512,"scaleFactors":[1,2,4]}]},"height":1925,"width":1163},"on":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/36102325-4c72-4350-aa25-8bfc37bd7e96/canvas/_3","metadata":[{"label":"Transcription","value":"circuit around the hill, which would probably have been done when the   road was built if the experience since acquired had been then possessed.    – Soon after leaving Schenectady, on the Utica and Schenectady road,   we found ourselves in close proximity to the Mohawk River and the Erie   Canal, and these with the railroad continue near together as far as   Syracuse, through what is called the Valley of the Mohawk.  The land   through this valley is excellent, and is mostly well cultivated.  Many   fields of buck wheat were noticed, but the finer grain had all been   gathered, though here, and more particularly further west, many fields   had just been planted with wheat.  Before reaching Utica, we passed   through the village of Little Falls, in the vicinity of which is the finest   views on the route.  The hills which rise on either side of the river for a   great distance, here approximate, and"}]}],"thumbnail":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/751ef04e-37f8-4155-89d1-22dc1c999ae3/full/500,500/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","height":500,"width":500}},{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/36102325-4c72-4350-aa25-8bfc37bd7e96/canvas/_4","@type":"sc:Canvas","label":"11","height":1913,"width":1142,"images":[{"@type":"oa:Annotation","motivation":"sc:painting","resource":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/a40df26a-871f-4c47-99f1-7a997f4c2937/full/full/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","service":{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/a40df26a-871f-4c47-99f1-7a997f4c2937","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json","tiles":[{"width":512,"scaleFactors":[1,2,4]}]},"height":1913,"width":1142},"on":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/36102325-4c72-4350-aa25-8bfc37bd7e96/canvas/_4","metadata":[{"label":"Transcription","value":"so nearly meet, that there is barely room for the river, as one would think   in viewing the spot from a little distance; but the Canal, the Railroad,   and a public road also pass through the narrow defile, and are of course   crowded near together, with the rocks piled up on either side.  The bed   of the river is also here exceedingly rocky, and there are falls and rapids   which increase the interest and beauty of the scene.  We stopped at Utica   to dine.  This was the end of the second Railroad from Albany.  The   third reaches from Utica to Syracuse; the fourth, from Syracuse to   Auburn; the fifth, from Auburn to Rochester; the sixth, from Rochester   to Batavia; the seventh, from Batavia to Buffalo; the eighth, from   Buffalo to Niagara.  These are all separate roads, under the care of   distinct Corporations, though tickets are sold for the whole route from   Albany to Buffalo. —     After leaving Utica we passed thro’"}]}],"thumbnail":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/a40df26a-871f-4c47-99f1-7a997f4c2937/full/500,500/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","height":500,"width":500}},{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/36102325-4c72-4350-aa25-8bfc37bd7e96/canvas/_5","@type":"sc:Canvas","label":"12","height":1920,"width":1159,"images":[{"@type":"oa:Annotation","motivation":"sc:painting","resource":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/4c93ce66-2427-4f28-9281-5beab76be8e5/full/full/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","service":{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/4c93ce66-2427-4f28-9281-5beab76be8e5","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json","tiles":[{"width":512,"scaleFactors":[1,2,4]}]},"height":1920,"width":1159},"on":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/36102325-4c72-4350-aa25-8bfc37bd7e96/canvas/_5","metadata":[{"label":"Transcription","value":"Whitesboro, the residence of Gerritt Smith, Esq. the celebrated and   wealthy abolitionist; and afterwards Rome, Manlius, Oneida, &c. But   very little could be seen of any of the places passed thro’, as, where any   stop was made, it was short.  In the morning, we found at the breakfast   table in Albany a gentleman and lady, whom we afterwards ascertained   were the Rev. Mr. Lord and his wife.  On ascertaining that we were   going West, he proposed that we should start for the Depot in a carriage   together, which we accordingly did.  He also stated that he proposed   going in the “Accommodation Cars” which are the same as our Second   Class Cars.  He had understood, he said, that they were comfortable, and   he could save several dollars by going in them, and he seemed anxious   for us to go with them.  This we consented to do; but by some   misunderstanding I purchased tickets only to Auburn, and he to   Rochester.  We found the cars"}]}],"thumbnail":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/4c93ce66-2427-4f28-9281-5beab76be8e5/full/500,500/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","height":500,"width":500}},{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/36102325-4c72-4350-aa25-8bfc37bd7e96/canvas/_6","@type":"sc:Canvas","label":"13","height":1920,"width":1147,"images":[{"@type":"oa:Annotation","motivation":"sc:painting","resource":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/e391467e-c3fe-4f37-9198-d010f4d2b44c/full/full/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","service":{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/e391467e-c3fe-4f37-9198-d010f4d2b44c","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json","tiles":[{"width":512,"scaleFactors":[1,2,4]}]},"height":1920,"width":1147},"on":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/36102325-4c72-4350-aa25-8bfc37bd7e96/canvas/_6","metadata":[{"label":"Transcription","value":"easy and convenient, and the company in them respectable — being   different in that respect from the lower class of Cars in this part of the   country.  At Syracuse, however, we were changed into an inferior one,   to go to Auburn, and we enjoyed no little sport among us at the sudden   and unexpected transformation.  Some newcomers were also introduced,   and among the rest two prisoners chained together, to be carried to the   Auburn State Prison.  We reached Syracuse towards night, and soon   started for Auburn, without having much time to look around.  Syracuse   is celebrated for the manufacture of Salt.  Several hundreds of acres are   covered with the vats, which contain water brought in logs from the salt   springs in Salina, a few miles distant.  There are also a large number of   furnaces for the boiling and evaporation of the water. It as dark before   we reached Auburn.  We saw the"}]}],"thumbnail":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/e391467e-c3fe-4f37-9198-d010f4d2b44c/full/500,500/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","height":500,"width":500}},{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/36102325-4c72-4350-aa25-8bfc37bd7e96/canvas/_7","@type":"sc:Canvas","label":"14","height":1911,"width":1365,"images":[{"@type":"oa:Annotation","motivation":"sc:painting","resource":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/5dbbdc19-501f-4b1b-9e05-bb32a064c203/full/full/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","service":{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/5dbbdc19-501f-4b1b-9e05-bb32a064c203","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json","tiles":[{"width":512,"scaleFactors":[1,2,4]}]},"height":1911,"width":1365},"on":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/36102325-4c72-4350-aa25-8bfc37bd7e96/canvas/_7","metadata":[{"label":"Transcription","value":"State Prison, however, as we entered the city, which seemed to be a very   long building as we passed it, but low.  We agreed with Mr. Lord, to put   up at the Auburn House.  We found a horse car ready at the Depot to   take us up there — a track being laid in the street from the Depot.  The   house was a very large and commodious one, and seemed to be well   managed.  We had a good supper furnished us soon after arriving.  The   first train of Cars for the west was to start in the morning at ½ past 3,   and we concluded to go then, as I was anxious to reach the Falls the next   night, which was Saturday.  We had little opportunity therefore to see   Auburn.     The next morning, Saturday, Sept. 2nd, we were called at 3, and were   packed again into the horse car, in the darkness of a cloudy morning, our   baggage having been sent by a baggage Car.  On arriving at the Depot,   we found"}]}],"thumbnail":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/5dbbdc19-501f-4b1b-9e05-bb32a064c203/full/500,500/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","height":500,"width":500}},{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/36102325-4c72-4350-aa25-8bfc37bd7e96/canvas/_8","@type":"sc:Canvas","label":"15","height":1916,"width":1165,"images":[{"@type":"oa:Annotation","motivation":"sc:painting","resource":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/2c145141-c408-466e-9e1d-72c32a56f4e3/full/full/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","service":{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/2c145141-c408-466e-9e1d-72c32a56f4e3","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json","tiles":[{"width":512,"scaleFactors":[1,2,4]}]},"height":1916,"width":1165},"on":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/36102325-4c72-4350-aa25-8bfc37bd7e96/canvas/_8","metadata":[{"label":"Transcription","value":"that we were to go in the train which had been coming in from the east   thro’ the night, but which had not yet arrived, and that a train from the   west was also to arrive before ours could start.  The eastern one came   first, but was detained nearly half an hour by the non-arrival of the   western one.  I here took tickets for the first class cars, not then knowing   that Mr. & Mrs. Lord had tickets for the Accommodation.  We found the   car, on entering, partly filled with passengers who had come on during   the night, many of whom were asleep, and all lounging in such a way as   to take up much room.  We found a seat, however, and at length got   fairly started again.  Daylight was beginning to appear, though it was   some time before we could see much outside of the car, or even the faces   of our fellow passengers within.  We passed over a part of Cayuga Lake   soon after starting, the bridge being a little more"}]}],"thumbnail":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/2c145141-c408-466e-9e1d-72c32a56f4e3/full/500,500/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","height":500,"width":500}},{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/36102325-4c72-4350-aa25-8bfc37bd7e96/canvas/_9","@type":"sc:Canvas","label":"16","height":1930,"width":1172,"images":[{"@type":"oa:Annotation","motivation":"sc:painting","resource":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/4d4fb276-76ea-4e04-9336-48a374cc429c/full/full/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","service":{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/4d4fb276-76ea-4e04-9336-48a374cc429c","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json","tiles":[{"width":512,"scaleFactors":[1,2,4]}]},"height":1930,"width":1172},"on":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/36102325-4c72-4350-aa25-8bfc37bd7e96/canvas/_9","metadata":[{"label":"Transcription","value":"than a mile long.  There was no more bridge, however, than was   necessary to support the track, which looked slight and almost   dangerous.  We stopped at Amsterdam to breakfast, and with a pretty   good appetite.  We afterwards passed through Canandaigua and soon   after reached Geneva, famed for the beauty of its location, being on the   northern shore of Seneca Lake.  We reached Rochester at about 11, &   were carried without expenses in an omnibus to a hotel in the immediate   vicinity of the starting place for the western cars, which were fast getting   ready to leave.  This starting place was in one of the public streets, the   ticket office being in one of the houses on the street.  We had no time to   look round the city, but could see something of its large size as we   entered it, and the outside of some of the large flouring mills was   noticed.  This city has entirely grown up within a few years.  It now   contains a population of 20.000, & manufactures more grain into flour"}]}],"thumbnail":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/4d4fb276-76ea-4e04-9336-48a374cc429c/full/500,500/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","height":500,"width":500}},{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/36102325-4c72-4350-aa25-8bfc37bd7e96/canvas/_10","@type":"sc:Canvas","label":"17","height":1929,"width":1145,"images":[{"@type":"oa:Annotation","motivation":"sc:painting","resource":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/f6aaae18-538e-42ef-80d0-541d7d406624/full/full/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","service":{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/f6aaae18-538e-42ef-80d0-541d7d406624","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json","tiles":[{"width":512,"scaleFactors":[1,2,4]}]},"height":1929,"width":1145},"on":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/36102325-4c72-4350-aa25-8bfc37bd7e96/canvas/_10","metadata":[{"label":"Transcription","value":"probably, than any other city in the world.  We here agreed again with   Mr & Mrs Lord to take passage in the Accommodation Cars to Buffalo,   the price of the tickets in them being $1 a-piece, and in the other cars $2.    The ticket-waiter doubted whether there would be room for us in the   Accommodation Cars, and said we must change our tickets if there was   not.  We got seated, however, but found the car a very poor one, and   crowded.  The conductor soon came and said that three ladies must get   out to make room for other passengers, and that they might use their   tickets in the first class cars.  Mr Lord objected to being separated from   his wife, who with Mrs. C. and another lady were the ones to be moved,   and proposed that I should go with the two ladies and he and Mrs. L.   stay.  The conductor refused to let any gentleman go without paying the   difference.  I was glad of an excuse to change and pay the difference,   and at once offered to do it.  We three"}]}],"thumbnail":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/f6aaae18-538e-42ef-80d0-541d7d406624/full/500,500/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","height":500,"width":500}},{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/36102325-4c72-4350-aa25-8bfc37bd7e96/canvas/_11","@type":"sc:Canvas","label":"18","height":1914,"width":1167,"images":[{"@type":"oa:Annotation","motivation":"sc:painting","resource":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/403b0607-88e0-45a7-a232-cd4c42d5e86c/full/full/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","service":{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/403b0607-88e0-45a7-a232-cd4c42d5e86c","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json","tiles":[{"width":512,"scaleFactors":[1,2,4]}]},"height":1914,"width":1167},"on":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/36102325-4c72-4350-aa25-8bfc37bd7e96/canvas/_11","metadata":[{"label":"Transcription","value":"therefore went into the other cars, but we soon noticed that Mr. and Mrs.   L. did the same, but as they did not come into the car with us, we did not   learn the reason.  But the most amusing part of it was that our tickets   were taken in full when the conductor called for them, so that we rode in   the first class cars at half price — being 72 miles for $1 a piece.  We did   not get started till 12.  The weather was extremely hot, and the cars not   very comfortable, and quite full.  We stopped at Batavia for   refreshments, which we made answer for dinner, as we failed to get one   at Rochester.  We also stopt at Attica, Lancaster, and various other small   towns, at one of which a man came to the cars from the side opposite to   the large refreshment in plain sight, saying that passengers would find   refreshments on the other side of a large wood pile which stood near us,   which pile he said had been put up by those concerned in the other house"}]}],"thumbnail":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/403b0607-88e0-45a7-a232-cd4c42d5e86c/full/500,500/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","height":500,"width":500}},{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/36102325-4c72-4350-aa25-8bfc37bd7e96/canvas/_12","@type":"sc:Canvas","label":"19","height":1917,"width":1148,"images":[{"@type":"oa:Annotation","motivation":"sc:painting","resource":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/a33d724a-a02b-4a1d-9109-4eb79ad3ebe0/full/full/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","service":{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/a33d724a-a02b-4a1d-9109-4eb79ad3ebe0","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json"},"height":1917,"width":1148},"on":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/36102325-4c72-4350-aa25-8bfc37bd7e96/canvas/_12","metadata":[{"label":"Transcription","value":"of purpose to hide his establishment.  I believe he was not successful,   however, in drawing one customer to the other side of the formidable   wood pile.  We reached Buffalo at about 5 in the afternoon, doubting   before we got there whether we should be in season for the cars to   Niagara.  We learned, however, that they had not started, and having got   our baggage into the waggon which carried it without expense, we set   out to walk to the Niagara Depot.  We found it a greater distance than   we expected, though we heard the bell ringing nearly all the way.  We   reached the cars before they started, (they having been waiting some   time for us of the eastern train) and before our baggage arrived.  All was   ready after a while, and we started to go north to the Falls, which we   were glad to find we should reach at the time we wished when we   started.  The road is on the margin of Niagara river nearly all the way   down to the Falls.  The river is about ¾ of a mile wide as it"}]}],"thumbnail":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/a33d724a-a02b-4a1d-9109-4eb79ad3ebe0/full/500,500/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","height":500,"width":500}},{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/36102325-4c72-4350-aa25-8bfc37bd7e96/canvas/_13","@type":"sc:Canvas","label":"2","height":1911,"width":1180,"images":[{"@type":"oa:Annotation","motivation":"sc:painting","resource":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/f0f4d685-6177-4b9d-8af6-ef9b75b32281/full/full/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","service":{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/f0f4d685-6177-4b9d-8af6-ef9b75b32281","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json"},"height":1911,"width":1180},"on":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/36102325-4c72-4350-aa25-8bfc37bd7e96/canvas/_13","metadata":[]}],"thumbnail":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/f0f4d685-6177-4b9d-8af6-ef9b75b32281/full/500,500/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","height":500,"width":500}},{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/36102325-4c72-4350-aa25-8bfc37bd7e96/canvas/_14","@type":"sc:Canvas","label":"20","height":1917,"width":1159,"images":[{"@type":"oa:Annotation","motivation":"sc:painting","resource":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/d1a00289-afc2-45df-9068-c31765b05f49/full/full/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","service":{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/d1a00289-afc2-45df-9068-c31765b05f49","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json"},"height":1917,"width":1159},"on":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/36102325-4c72-4350-aa25-8bfc37bd7e96/canvas/_14","metadata":[{"label":"Transcription","value":"passes from Lake Erie.  About five miles from the Lake it begins to   expand, and then passes on both sides of Grand Island, which is from 3   to 6 miles in width, and 12 miles long.  Of course we could see this   Island from the Cars; and also, further down, Navy Island, which is   much smaller, containing only about 300 acres.  This is where the   “Patriots” under Mackenzie were encamped during the troubles in   Canada in 1837-8, and also where the ill-fated Steamer Caroline went   from Schlosser with provisions for the army.  It was at the latter place,   on the American side, that the boat was attacked by the British on the   29th December 1837, cut adrift, set on fire, and left to be carried by the   fearful current over the Niagara Falls.  The river contains, it is said,   about forty islands before it reaches the Falls.     We arrived at Niagara about ½ past 6, just on the edge of the   evening.  Ascertaining that there was a Temperance House there, we   concluded to put up there, thinking it might be more quiet for the"}]}],"thumbnail":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/d1a00289-afc2-45df-9068-c31765b05f49/full/500,500/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","height":500,"width":500}},{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/36102325-4c72-4350-aa25-8bfc37bd7e96/canvas/_15","@type":"sc:Canvas","label":"21","height":1927,"width":1135,"images":[{"@type":"oa:Annotation","motivation":"sc:painting","resource":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/af08def2-69df-4ec6-a17c-a600be6af9af/full/full/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","service":{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/af08def2-69df-4ec6-a17c-a600be6af9af","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json"},"height":1927,"width":1135},"on":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/36102325-4c72-4350-aa25-8bfc37bd7e96/canvas/_15","metadata":[{"label":"Transcription","value":"Sabbath.  We found it situated directly opposite the Cataract House, the   principal Hotel of the place.  It was a small establishment — the rooms   were not airy and felt uncomfortably.  The weather indeed was   exceedingly warm.  We could hear the roaring of the rapids, part of   which were but a short distance from the hotel, and which we then   mistook for the falls themselves.  After supper we walked out to see if   we could obtain a sight of the great wonder which had drawn us so many   miles.  We went, as we were directed, in a northerly direction, towards   the falls, passed by the “Old Curiosity Shop,” where was a mimic   exhibition of the cataract, and took the path in among the woods which   skirts the rapids near the fall on that side.  But the moon was shut in by   the clouds, and there were no lamps to lighten us, and the way was   lonely.  We knew not neither which way to go.  We were directed to go   to the bridge leading over the rapids to Bath Island as the best place for   the evening — but we found no"}]}],"thumbnail":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/af08def2-69df-4ec6-a17c-a600be6af9af/full/500,500/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","height":500,"width":500}},{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/36102325-4c72-4350-aa25-8bfc37bd7e96/canvas/_16","@type":"sc:Canvas","label":"22","height":1927,"width":1166,"images":[{"@type":"oa:Annotation","motivation":"sc:painting","resource":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/f97d3851-4e25-4e35-88ac-b6893b36e14d/full/full/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","service":{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/f97d3851-4e25-4e35-88ac-b6893b36e14d","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json"},"height":1927,"width":1166},"on":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/36102325-4c72-4350-aa25-8bfc37bd7e96/canvas/_16","metadata":[{"label":"Transcription","value":"bridge, and returned.  The noise of the rushing water, and the excessive   heat of the weather, with an uncomfortable bed (a soft feather bed   having been taken off by us, and we therefore reposing on a hard straw   bed) prevented a very comfortable night’s rest.  A heavy rain took place   in the night, but without thunder, and the heat in the morning did not   seem to be abated.  On account of the wetness of the streets I walked out   alone before breakfast, and repaired to the bridge over the Rapids.    These rapids commence about one mile above the Falls, and there is a   descent of about 58 feet in the river in that mile.  Goat Island extends   from the falls half a mile up the river, dividing both the fall and the   rapids, and is a quarter of a mile wide, containing about 75 acres.  Bath   Island, about 24 rods in length, containing 2 acres, is very near Goat   Island, the rapids running between, but the rapids join again before   reaching the fall.  The bridge from the American side, above alluded to,"}]}],"thumbnail":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/f97d3851-4e25-4e35-88ac-b6893b36e14d/full/500,500/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","height":500,"width":500}},{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/36102325-4c72-4350-aa25-8bfc37bd7e96/canvas/_17","@type":"sc:Canvas","label":"23","height":1926,"width":1137,"images":[{"@type":"oa:Annotation","motivation":"sc:painting","resource":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/68c4dc79-cdd0-471c-869d-09a253489bc4/full/full/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","service":{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/68c4dc79-cdd0-471c-869d-09a253489bc4","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json"},"height":1926,"width":1137},"on":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/36102325-4c72-4350-aa25-8bfc37bd7e96/canvas/_17","metadata":[{"label":"Transcription","value":"leads to Bath Island.  This bridge is 44 rods long, and is only 64 rods   above the falls.  It is wide enough and firm enough for teams and   carriages.  It was built by Gen. Porter in 1818, at risk of life and with   much trouble.  On standing in the centre of this bridge and looking up   the precipice as it almost seemed, though without any actual   perpendicular height, the sight was the most grand and terrific I had ever   before looked upon.  I could see up the river as far as the ascent reached,   and the whole body of water seemed to be increasing in velocity as it   approached, and passing over the rocky bed it of course dashed and   foamed in the wildest uproar.  In some places the spray is sent up, it is   said, to the height of 30 feet, and in every direction is constantly   ascending more or less foam and spray.  The bridge is felt to shake as   you stand upon it, and this, with the almost deafening noise of the   rushing water, assists in heightening the effect of the scene.  This view   nearly equals in grandeur that of the fall itself, and indeed I think"}]}],"thumbnail":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/68c4dc79-cdd0-471c-869d-09a253489bc4/full/500,500/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","height":500,"width":500}},{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/36102325-4c72-4350-aa25-8bfc37bd7e96/canvas/_18","@type":"sc:Canvas","label":"24","height":1937,"width":1192,"images":[{"@type":"oa:Annotation","motivation":"sc:painting","resource":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/afd6b215-7d13-45e5-9dc5-ca4073fcee1d/full/full/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","service":{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/afd6b215-7d13-45e5-9dc5-ca4073fcee1d","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json"},"height":1937,"width":1192},"on":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/36102325-4c72-4350-aa25-8bfc37bd7e96/canvas/_18","metadata":[{"label":"Transcription","value":"exceeds it when the latter seen from above at any other spot than the   Stone Tower.  It is difficult to estimate the depth of the water under the   bridge by looking down, but it is probably on an average ten or 12 feet   — the bottom being exceedingly uneven.  In looking down at the water   under the bridge, the most striking thing noticed is the exceeding   rapidity with which the water moves.  The motion of running water in   any other place which I ever looked upon it, is sluggish or even   motionless in comparison.  Even the water as it descends from the fall   itself, when looked at from a little distance below, seemed moving   slower than this.  I stood on this bridge till my brain was almost   confused with the noise and the motion, and then went back to the hotel   to breakfast, after which Mrs. C. walked with me first to the bridge, and   then to the edge of the fall on the main land on the American side.  The   path to this spot leads by the rapids; but not being acquainted with the   roads and"}]}],"thumbnail":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/afd6b215-7d13-45e5-9dc5-ca4073fcee1d/full/500,500/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","height":500,"width":500}},{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/36102325-4c72-4350-aa25-8bfc37bd7e96/canvas/_19","@type":"sc:Canvas","label":"25","height":1923,"width":1147,"images":[{"@type":"oa:Annotation","motivation":"sc:painting","resource":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/157b2064-43f0-44c9-ad60-fbc180d7633f/full/full/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","service":{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/157b2064-43f0-44c9-ad60-fbc180d7633f","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json"},"height":1923,"width":1147},"on":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/36102325-4c72-4350-aa25-8bfc37bd7e96/canvas/_19","metadata":[{"label":"Transcription","value":"paths, we went further around, and came to the edge of the precipice   some rods below the fall, and north of the staircase.  Our first view of   this great wonder of the world was therefore obtained under rather   unfavorable circumstances for experiencing its full effect.  We were not   only on a level with the top of the precipice, but were at a distance   sufficient to change its terrific grandeur into sublimity and even beauty.    There was, therefore, a shade of disappointment felt for a moment,   although we were unwilling to acknowledge it.  Near where we stood,   however, there was a descent of some steps practicable, and on going   down we found a vast difference in the view, and could imagine   something of what it would be when we could stand at the foot and look   upwards upon the descending torrents.  As the sun shone brightly, the   rainbow was visible in the spray in all its beauty.  Sometimes both bases   of the bow were visible, and the whole arch, reaching then about as high   as the top of"}]}],"thumbnail":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/157b2064-43f0-44c9-ad60-fbc180d7633f/full/500,500/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","height":500,"width":500}},{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/36102325-4c72-4350-aa25-8bfc37bd7e96/canvas/_20","@type":"sc:Canvas","label":"26","height":1925,"width":1151,"images":[{"@type":"oa:Annotation","motivation":"sc:painting","resource":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/9e12c76d-b249-4064-9afa-5628944c3da4/full/full/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","service":{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/9e12c76d-b249-4064-9afa-5628944c3da4","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json"},"height":1925,"width":1151},"on":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/36102325-4c72-4350-aa25-8bfc37bd7e96/canvas/_20","metadata":[{"label":"Transcription","value":"the precipice, was perfectly distinct and bright.  We soon walked by the   staircase towards the fall (a man standing at the head of the stairs and   letting visitors down at a shilling a-piece) and found we could approach   to the very edge, and even wade into the water which was just taking its   fearful leap, and with the greatest ease could accompany it down if so   disposed.  Some roots of spruce shrubbery grow on the very edge, with   their branches overhanging the awful abyss.  I extended my arm to   gather a few sprigs from the furthest boughs — but not without my   caution and trembling wife having fast hold of the other hand.  She took   her turn also in plucking the evergreen, while I held her as firmly.  This   is the eastern or rather northern edge of what is called the American fall,   Goad Island dividing the whole into the American and Canadian falls.    The width of the whole, including Goat Island, is ¾ of a mile - the island   being a quarter of a mile, the American fall a little less than a sixth of a   mile —"}]}],"thumbnail":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/9e12c76d-b249-4064-9afa-5628944c3da4/full/500,500/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","height":500,"width":500}},{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/36102325-4c72-4350-aa25-8bfc37bd7e96/canvas/_21","@type":"sc:Canvas","label":"27","height":1911,"width":1156,"images":[{"@type":"oa:Annotation","motivation":"sc:painting","resource":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/4da23a40-86bc-4b30-a76f-348ea9cb82a4/full/full/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","service":{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/4da23a40-86bc-4b30-a76f-348ea9cb82a4","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json"},"height":1911,"width":1156},"on":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/36102325-4c72-4350-aa25-8bfc37bd7e96/canvas/_21","metadata":[{"label":"Transcription","value":"(56 rods), and the Canada fall a little less than a third of a mile (114   rods).  The Canada fall is also called the Horse shoe fall, on account of   the top of the precipice curving inward like a horse shoe; the American   also has a curve inward nearly as great as that of the other at present, it   having altered its shape within a few years.  At the point where we   stood, the whole of the cataract was visible, excepting the part of the   curve on the Canada side nearest to us; the surface of the water,   however, on the edge of the precipice, was distinctly seen over the   whole.  The water is deepest at the Horse-shoe, it being estimated at 20   feet on the edge, and the color of it as it passes over is a deep green in   that place.  There is much foam, formed by the rapids above, which   passes over the precipice, and it was one of the most beautiful sights,   where we now stood, to watch these patches of foam, looking precisely   like cotton wool as they glided gracefully over and down the Horse-shoe   on the surface of the water, till they were lost in"}]}],"thumbnail":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/4da23a40-86bc-4b30-a76f-348ea9cb82a4/full/500,500/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","height":500,"width":500}},{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/36102325-4c72-4350-aa25-8bfc37bd7e96/canvas/_22","@type":"sc:Canvas","label":"28","height":1916,"width":1170,"images":[{"@type":"oa:Annotation","motivation":"sc:painting","resource":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/cf584773-3b09-4cad-ab34-bf8db8f838df/full/full/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","service":{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/cf584773-3b09-4cad-ab34-bf8db8f838df","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json"},"height":1916,"width":1170},"on":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/36102325-4c72-4350-aa25-8bfc37bd7e96/canvas/_22","metadata":[{"label":"Transcription","value":"the ascending clouds of spray from beneath. Their motion down really   seemed slow, especially when we recollected the frightful rapidity of the   water above as we saw it under the bridge.  At the Horse-shoe, also, near   the centre, the water retained its color till it passed out of sight in the   vortex of spray.  This was doubtless owing to its great depth.  In other   places it soon changed to white, & in the most shallow parts it was of a   milky whiteness almost to the very top.  This color was on account of   the water at first separating into drops on the outer surface, by the   resistance of the air as it fell, which continued separating the large drops   into smaller ones and the small ones into spray.  The great mass of water   at the Horse-shoe caused it to cohere and prevent its being thus acted on.    We collected a few pebbles from the bank of the verge of the precipice,   worn smooth by the action of the water, and I stepped on to rock a few   feet from the bank, over which"}]}],"thumbnail":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/cf584773-3b09-4cad-ab34-bf8db8f838df/full/500,500/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","height":500,"width":500}},{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/36102325-4c72-4350-aa25-8bfc37bd7e96/canvas/_23","@type":"sc:Canvas","label":"29","height":1921,"width":1152,"images":[{"@type":"oa:Annotation","motivation":"sc:painting","resource":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/b081d64e-665f-4c81-bac7-909d38abe5d8/full/full/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","service":{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/b081d64e-665f-4c81-bac7-909d38abe5d8","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json"},"height":1921,"width":1152},"on":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/36102325-4c72-4350-aa25-8bfc37bd7e96/canvas/_23","metadata":[{"label":"Transcription","value":"the water dashed occasionally, and which was but four or five feet from   the top of the abyss.  We staid around the spot, not till we were tired of   the sight, but till we had in some measure satisfied our first eager   curiosity; for we felt that we should pass the Sabbath more devoutly if   this was satisfied; than if it were not.  The view was indeed calculated to   inspire and strengthen proper feelings for praise and worship; and it was   my cherished plan, previous to leaving home, to pass the Sabbath there,   and enjoy the privilege of worshipping God in the vicinity of one of the   grandest of his works which our earth affords.  We ascertained that there   was but one meeting-house in the village, which belonged to the   Presbyterian church; there was a small Methodist and Baptist Society,   but neither, we were told, had a house, though one of them was   preparing to build one.  The Presbyterian one had been under repairs for   some time, so that the bell could not be used, and there was therefore"}]}],"thumbnail":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/b081d64e-665f-4c81-bac7-909d38abe5d8/full/500,500/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","height":500,"width":500}},{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/36102325-4c72-4350-aa25-8bfc37bd7e96/canvas/_24","@type":"sc:Canvas","label":"3","height":1921,"width":1155,"images":[{"@type":"oa:Annotation","motivation":"sc:painting","resource":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/48068a15-182d-4e52-bc91-2196c2dbfaf8/full/full/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","service":{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/48068a15-182d-4e52-bc91-2196c2dbfaf8","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json"},"height":1921,"width":1155},"on":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/36102325-4c72-4350-aa25-8bfc37bd7e96/canvas/_24","metadata":[]}],"thumbnail":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/48068a15-182d-4e52-bc91-2196c2dbfaf8/full/500,500/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","height":500,"width":500}},{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/36102325-4c72-4350-aa25-8bfc37bd7e96/canvas/_25","@type":"sc:Canvas","label":"30","height":1916,"width":1167,"images":[{"@type":"oa:Annotation","motivation":"sc:painting","resource":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/f69ca278-d465-450c-9469-5751505c645b/full/full/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","service":{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/f69ca278-d465-450c-9469-5751505c645b","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json"},"height":1916,"width":1167},"on":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/36102325-4c72-4350-aa25-8bfc37bd7e96/canvas/_25","metadata":[{"label":"Transcription","value":"no “Sabbath bell” to greet our ears — the first Sabbath either of us ever   before passed without being within sound of it.  We ascertained when   the services commenced, & went to the meeting-house both forenoon   and afternoon.  There were not apparently more than half a dozen there   who were visiters at the Falls, the rest being the villagers.  The hundreds   of strangers who were in the place laid aside their regard for the day, if   they ever had any, and were crossing the ferry, or flocking to Goat   Island, or riding in the vicinity of the two sides of the Cataract.  The heat   was excessive through the day, and I found much benefit from a cold   bath in the water of the rapids at Bath Island, towards night.     We rose early on Monday morning, & started at about 6 o’clock,   before breakfast, for Goat Island, after having purchased a Guide Book,   and a hickory cane for which I paid a York shilling.  Goat Island is   mostly heavy-timbered land, and in the vicinity of the paths the trees are   covered, as high as a"}]}],"thumbnail":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/f69ca278-d465-450c-9469-5751505c645b/full/500,500/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","height":500,"width":500}},{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/36102325-4c72-4350-aa25-8bfc37bd7e96/canvas/_26","@type":"sc:Canvas","label":"31","height":1927,"width":1159,"images":[{"@type":"oa:Annotation","motivation":"sc:painting","resource":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/888b7498-fc9b-49be-9ff5-1711a36ebb7a/full/full/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","service":{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/888b7498-fc9b-49be-9ff5-1711a36ebb7a","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json"},"height":1927,"width":1159},"on":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/36102325-4c72-4350-aa25-8bfc37bd7e96/canvas/_26","metadata":[{"label":"Transcription","value":"man can reach with names cut into the bark.  Many trees, it is said, have   been killed by this means.  Names are also chiselled in the rocks in many   places.  Goat Island is only approached from the American side.  After   reaching the Island, paying 25 cts as an admission fee, and entering our   names, we turn to the right and pass north, in the vicinity of the rapids.    On coming near the precipice, we find a little bridge to our right, passing   over a stream about 22 yards wide, to Luna Island, which is 30 yards   wide, and which separates this branch of the rapids from the main body   on the American side.  This stream, in passing over the precipice,   constitutes what may be called the Centre Fall, and which I omitted to   mention in our view of Sunday morning.  It has a beautiful appearance at   a distance, being of a more snowy whiteness than the larger ones, and   contrasting strongly with the dark rocky precipices of Goat and Luna   Islands.  The width of this fall and of the last named island are included,   I believe, in the ¼ of a mile which I have given above as the width of   Goat Island.  On Luna"}]}],"thumbnail":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/888b7498-fc9b-49be-9ff5-1711a36ebb7a/full/500,500/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","height":500,"width":500}},{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/36102325-4c72-4350-aa25-8bfc37bd7e96/canvas/_27","@type":"sc:Canvas","label":"32","height":1923,"width":1179,"images":[{"@type":"oa:Annotation","motivation":"sc:painting","resource":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/0d28c3be-0c4d-49eb-919c-bb696a6e95b0/full/full/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","service":{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/0d28c3be-0c4d-49eb-919c-bb696a6e95b0","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json"},"height":1923,"width":1179},"on":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/36102325-4c72-4350-aa25-8bfc37bd7e96/canvas/_27","metadata":[{"label":"Transcription","value":"Island we came to the south westerly side or edge of the American fall,   being the opposite side from where we stood on the morning previous;   and a very good view was here obtained of it.  On going back to the   well-trod pathway on Goat Island, we kept along southward near the   edge of the precipice (here a dry one) and about one third across it came   to the Biddle Staircase, leading down to the bottom of the bank.  This   was built in 1829 by Nicholas Biddle Esq. of Philadelphia.  The descent   from the top of the island to the margin of the river is here 185 feet.  The   river below is the water which has just passed over the Canada fall.  A   common flight of steps first leads down the slanting place in the bank 40   feet, to the perpendicular steps, which are 90 in number, are spiral, and   are enclosed in a building in the shape of a hexagon, resting on a firm   foundation at the bottom.  The centre piece, which is encircled by the   stairs, is a solid stick of timber."}]}],"thumbnail":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/0d28c3be-0c4d-49eb-919c-bb696a6e95b0/full/500,500/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","height":500,"width":500}},{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/36102325-4c72-4350-aa25-8bfc37bd7e96/canvas/_28","@type":"sc:Canvas","label":"33","height":1922,"width":1159,"images":[{"@type":"oa:Annotation","motivation":"sc:painting","resource":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/c48f1cf9-c784-40ca-a948-e32aa40ee191/full/full/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","service":{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/c48f1cf9-c784-40ca-a948-e32aa40ee191","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json"},"height":1922,"width":1159},"on":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/36102325-4c72-4350-aa25-8bfc37bd7e96/canvas/_28","metadata":[{"label":"Transcription","value":"The outside boarding has been knocked off (or never was on) in various   places in the passage down, so that beautiful views of the falls on each   side may be obtained while one stops a minute to rest.  The river itself is   80 feet lower than the bottom of the stairway, and one can walk down   over the rocks, though it is steep and rough.  From the bottom of the   stairs, a path leads each way, at the foot of the perpendicular precipice   that to the right (or north) leading to the Centre Fall; and the left, to the   Crescent, or Horse-shoe, or Canada Fall.  I first took the latter path   alone, leaving Mrs. C. near the bottom of the stairs.  The rocks towered   more than 100 feet above my head, and it was almost frightful to gaze   up, and yet I could not avoid stopping every minute to look up, as if to   see if any fragment had been loosened and was coming down upon my   head.  I went as near the fall as I could get without a thorough drenching   by the spray.  And here was the first place where I had an opportunity of   standing"}]}],"thumbnail":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/c48f1cf9-c784-40ca-a948-e32aa40ee191/full/500,500/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","height":500,"width":500}},{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/36102325-4c72-4350-aa25-8bfc37bd7e96/canvas/_29","@type":"sc:Canvas","label":"34","height":1922,"width":1170,"images":[{"@type":"oa:Annotation","motivation":"sc:painting","resource":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/b1a0a595-6406-4507-9d9c-29e42232f27c/full/full/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","service":{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/b1a0a595-6406-4507-9d9c-29e42232f27c","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json"},"height":1922,"width":1170},"on":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/36102325-4c72-4350-aa25-8bfc37bd7e96/canvas/_29","metadata":[{"label":"Transcription","value":"near the foot of the falling water, and looking up at it.  The sight and   sound fully realized all that I had ever imagined respecting the awful   grandeur of Niagara.  And perhaps no better general description of the   whole scene can be conveyed to one who has never witnessed it, than by   thus saying that it equals the most extravagant expectations.  Still these   are minor points which can be more particularly alluded to.  I now stood   at the bottom (or nearly so) of the northeasterly edge of the Horse-shoe   fall.  On account of the curve, the greater part was hidden from sight,   and the American and Centre falls were both hidden by Goat Island,   which projects slightly at the stairway.  I could approach as near as I   wished to the edge of the fall, and the view of it, with the rising spray, &   all the other accompaniments, were sufficient to tempt one to linger.  My   wife was beckoning me to turn back, however, and I did not quite forget   that I had not yet breakfasted, and that one other point at least of more   fearful interest"}]}],"thumbnail":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/b1a0a595-6406-4507-9d9c-29e42232f27c/full/500,500/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","height":500,"width":500}},{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/36102325-4c72-4350-aa25-8bfc37bd7e96/canvas/_30","@type":"sc:Canvas","label":"35","height":1918,"width":1165,"images":[{"@type":"oa:Annotation","motivation":"sc:painting","resource":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/0ec41430-c410-4671-ab51-f3a34972abaa/full/full/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","service":{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/0ec41430-c410-4671-ab51-f3a34972abaa","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json"},"height":1918,"width":1165},"on":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/36102325-4c72-4350-aa25-8bfc37bd7e96/canvas/_30","metadata":[{"label":"Transcription","value":"and grandeur was near at hand to be visited.  We therefore ascended the   stairs, the perspiration almost running in streams from our faces, the   weather being exceedingly hot.  On reaching the top of the stairs, and   seating ourselves on a bench for rest and the enjoyment of a little cool   air, I found, on referring to my Guide-Book, that we had forgotten the   path to the right, at the bottom of the stairs, which leads to the edge of   Centre Fall, and behind which fall is the Cave of the Winds, in the rocks   — 120 feet by 50, and 100 feet high.  We concluded to descend the   stairs again, in order to take this path, and find, if possible, the Cave.    After resting a few moments, therefore, we applied ourselves to the   fatiguing task, and in due time found ourselves again at the bottom of   the 90 steps.  I now took the right hand path, Mrs. C. going with me until   the water trickling down and through the perpendicular rocks, in some   places in streams, stopped her.  I hurried through these miniature   cataracts, though pretty well wet"}]}],"thumbnail":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/0ec41430-c410-4671-ab51-f3a34972abaa/full/500,500/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","height":500,"width":500}},{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/36102325-4c72-4350-aa25-8bfc37bd7e96/canvas/_31","@type":"sc:Canvas","label":"36","height":1927,"width":1156,"images":[{"@type":"oa:Annotation","motivation":"sc:painting","resource":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/2b2178ff-2009-4c8a-9e82-920f2736fc01/full/full/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","service":{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/2b2178ff-2009-4c8a-9e82-920f2736fc01","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json"},"height":1927,"width":1156},"on":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/36102325-4c72-4350-aa25-8bfc37bd7e96/canvas/_31","metadata":[{"label":"Transcription","value":"by them, till I came to the Centre Fall, which separates, as before   remarked, Goat from Luna Island.  I here had another chance of gazing   up with awe and admiration, at the descending torrent, and of looking   down into the frightful abyss below — rendered doubly frightful by the   thick clouds of mist which are forever ascending from the bottom of the   fall.  I now looked for the Cave, but could find nothing of it.  I   approached as near the falling water as I could without a thorough   drenching, but could detect no kind of opening in the rocks.  I was   obliged therefore to leave the Cave unvisited, presuming its entrance to   be so far behind the fall as to render necessary a better protection against   wet than I was provided with.  We again ascended the stairs, and a most   fatiguing journey it was.  I threw off my coat, stock & hat, on reaching   the top, and was glad to sit thus, in the coolest place to be found.  But we   could not sit long, as the Tower, now near at hand, was yet to be visited."}]}],"thumbnail":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/2b2178ff-2009-4c8a-9e82-920f2736fc01/full/500,500/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","height":500,"width":500}},{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/36102325-4c72-4350-aa25-8bfc37bd7e96/canvas/_32","@type":"sc:Canvas","label":"37","height":1926,"width":1165,"images":[{"@type":"oa:Annotation","motivation":"sc:painting","resource":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/1bbe1d0b-d3fb-4f18-b90d-922cc2d16ec1/full/full/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","service":{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/1bbe1d0b-d3fb-4f18-b90d-922cc2d16ec1","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json"},"height":1926,"width":1165},"on":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/36102325-4c72-4350-aa25-8bfc37bd7e96/canvas/_32","metadata":[{"label":"Transcription","value":"On reaching the further corner of the Island, we found ourselves near the   Crescent or Horse-shoe fall.  The rapids here, near the Island, are not   deep, and over the uneven surface of rocks with the water foaming and   dashing between, a rude and slight-looking bridge, called Terrapin   Bridge, has been constructed, 300 feet in length leading to the Tower.    This structure is of stone, is 45 feet high, with winding steps to the top,   and was erected in 1833.  It is on the very verge of the precipice, and the   bridge formerly reached beyond it, extending even 10 feet over the falls.    It is not now used further than the tower.  On the bank of the rapids there   are seats for visiters, and on stopping here a few moments and looking at   the frightful scene before us, we almost hesitated about proceeding.    Three or four ladies and a gentleman were also there, but did not seem   disposed to pass over.  We at length started, however, and passing down   a rugged and steep pathway we soon stepped upon the bridge.  It seemed   frail enough — but two boards laid"}]}],"thumbnail":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/1bbe1d0b-d3fb-4f18-b90d-922cc2d16ec1/full/500,500/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","height":500,"width":500}},{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/36102325-4c72-4350-aa25-8bfc37bd7e96/canvas/_33","@type":"sc:Canvas","label":"38","height":1920,"width":1165,"images":[{"@type":"oa:Annotation","motivation":"sc:painting","resource":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/6c340eba-0269-4bc3-acc5-1f4c5771ec7e/full/full/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","service":{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/6c340eba-0269-4bc3-acc5-1f4c5771ec7e","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json"},"height":1920,"width":1165},"on":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/36102325-4c72-4350-aa25-8bfc37bd7e96/canvas/_33","metadata":[{"label":"Transcription","value":"entirely loose on the slender cross pieces, and no railing at the sides.    Water stood on these warped boards, and the spray was all around us   and in our faces like the fine rain of some of our New England easterly   storms.  We hurried across, arm in arm, not daring to look except to see   that our feet were sure.  We ascended the steps of the Tower, and went   out of the door at the top, on to the piazza which extends around it with   an iron railing outside.  And here, for the first time, we seemed to be in   the very midst of the cataract.  The Canada part of the falls, being much   the largest portion, was on each side and underneath us.  The almost   deafening roar of the water, the trembling of the tower, the clouds of   mist, the rainbow on the opposite side, the mighty rush of the rapids   above, and the frail footpath which connected us with the land, each   aided in forming a scene which in its effects on the beholder is   indescribable and can never be forgotten.  It was so wet outside that we   could stay but a few minutes, and descending"}]}],"thumbnail":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/6c340eba-0269-4bc3-acc5-1f4c5771ec7e/full/500,500/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","height":500,"width":500}},{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/36102325-4c72-4350-aa25-8bfc37bd7e96/canvas/_34","@type":"sc:Canvas","label":"39","height":1931,"width":1173,"images":[{"@type":"oa:Annotation","motivation":"sc:painting","resource":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/d8b5759d-3694-4815-9231-17225d79df76/full/full/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","service":{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/d8b5759d-3694-4815-9231-17225d79df76","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json"},"height":1931,"width":1173},"on":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/36102325-4c72-4350-aa25-8bfc37bd7e96/canvas/_34","metadata":[{"label":"Transcription","value":"the stairs we passed back to the Island — glad to set our feet again on   terra firma.  We would gladly have lingered around this spot, as the one,   above all others in this enchanted vicinity, where one can stand poised   on the very brink of the awful abyss and in the midst of the descending   waters.  The general view, also, from the Tower, aside from the effects   produced by such close proximity, is in many respects superior to any   other which can be obtained.  On account of the elevation, the eye could   take in the upper surface of the entire falls, and the more distant parts   could be seen down to the bottom.  A wider range of the rapids above   could also be seen than on the bridge, though the violent commotion of   the water in hurrying over its rocky bed was not quite as apparent, I   think, in the latter place.  But our breakfast time had already come, and   we began soon to retrace our steps.  We drank some soda water and   purchased a little confectionary on Bath Island, the latter to carry home   with us, and found ourselves at our hotel again after all the others had"}]}],"thumbnail":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/d8b5759d-3694-4815-9231-17225d79df76/full/500,500/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","height":500,"width":500}},{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/36102325-4c72-4350-aa25-8bfc37bd7e96/canvas/_35","@type":"sc:Canvas","label":"4","height":1923,"width":1142,"images":[{"@type":"oa:Annotation","motivation":"sc:painting","resource":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/f8b5e8bd-d22a-45ab-93d1-8fe19b2430ff/full/full/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","service":{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/f8b5e8bd-d22a-45ab-93d1-8fe19b2430ff","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json"},"height":1923,"width":1142},"on":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/36102325-4c72-4350-aa25-8bfc37bd7e96/canvas/_35","metadata":[{"label":"Transcription","value":"Expenses of Journey from Boston to Niagara Falls and back by way of   Lake Ontario—Mrs. C.  & myself    1843      Aug. 31 From house to Boston Depot      40    Tickets to Albany    8 00    Spent on the way      87 ½    Baggage to Hotel in Albany     25    Supper, lodging & breakfast in do.  2 25  Sept. 1 Carriage to Depot  do.      50    Tickets to Auburn (in Accommodation Cars,        to accompany Rev. Mr. L & lady)    8 50       Dinner at Utica        50       Other Expenses        30       Supper & Lodging at Auburn      1 50   “ 2  Tickets to Rochester    5 00    Breakfast at Amsterdam      50    Other refreshments thro’ to Niagara    25    Tickets from Rochester to Buffalo        (Accommodation Cars, as above)  2 00    Do. From Buffalo to Niagara   1 00    Expenses at Niagara besides board, including      toll to Goat Island, bath, ferry to Canada side,      ride to Burning Spring, Mineralogical speciments      &c.        3 75                    Carried over    35 57 ½"}]}],"thumbnail":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/f8b5e8bd-d22a-45ab-93d1-8fe19b2430ff/full/500,500/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","height":500,"width":500}},{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/36102325-4c72-4350-aa25-8bfc37bd7e96/canvas/_36","@type":"sc:Canvas","label":"40","height":1923,"width":1161,"images":[{"@type":"oa:Annotation","motivation":"sc:painting","resource":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/0dfd1b94-93c4-4086-9186-5bc266b2a629/full/full/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","service":{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/0dfd1b94-93c4-4086-9186-5bc266b2a629","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json"},"height":1923,"width":1161},"on":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/36102325-4c72-4350-aa25-8bfc37bd7e96/canvas/_36","metadata":[{"label":"Transcription","value":"finished their breakfasts.  Immediately after breakfast, we started for the   Canada side.  Mr. Bartlett, of Boston, accompanied us.  On reaching the   stairway, which we had passed the day before, we found quite a number   of ladies and gentlemen about descending to pass over the ferry.  The   ladies were frightened at the fearful appearance of the water far below us   where the boats were passing, and one of them inquired of the man in   attendance if he would insure them safe across.  The distance from the   top of the bank down the stairs to the river is put down in the Guide-  book as 28 rods.  The stairs, however, do not reach that distance, the   latter part of it being over steep and ragged but not perpendicular rocks.    The ferry-boats are capable of carrying over 12 or 15 at once, and it was   about full when we passed.  The tickets for going over were 18 ¾ cts-a-  piece, and 12 ½ for going down the stairs.  The surface of the water was   not so rough as it appeared from the top of the bank, but the current was   strong in the centre, while at the two sides near the shore there was a   slight back current.  The river is here called"}]}],"thumbnail":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/0dfd1b94-93c4-4086-9186-5bc266b2a629/full/500,500/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","height":500,"width":500}},{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/36102325-4c72-4350-aa25-8bfc37bd7e96/canvas/_37","@type":"sc:Canvas","label":"41","height":1919,"width":1170,"images":[{"@type":"oa:Annotation","motivation":"sc:painting","resource":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/061b9423-1ab1-4672-8c51-4ca15121d9df/full/full/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","service":{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/061b9423-1ab1-4672-8c51-4ca15121d9df","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json"},"height":1919,"width":1170},"on":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/36102325-4c72-4350-aa25-8bfc37bd7e96/canvas/_37","metadata":[{"label":"Transcription","value":"250 feet deep, so that anything which passes over the falls, if ever so   large, has a small chance of appearing again on the surface, and indeed   is never I believe seen more.  The water once or twice dashed into the   boat in crossing, but without wetting us much.  This seemed to be owing   to the commotion which the water had not recovered from so soon after   leaving the immense cauldron at the foot of the cataract.  The time spent   in crossing the river was 8 or 10 minutes.  The landing on the Canada   side is rocky, but not steep enough to need stairs any part of the way,   there being a carriage road to the top of the bank.  It is called 76 rods up   this bank, and the same distance across the river.  These were carriages   of different kinds in waiting at the landing, to carry visiters around to the   places of interest.  We bargained with one of the drivers of a buggy to   carry us three for 75 cents.  In riding up the steep bank, which faced to   the east, the heat was found to be most intense, and we were glad to   spread a silk handkerchief, by means of my cane, to keep the scorching   sun from us.  The village in the immediate vicinity is called Drum-"}]}],"thumbnail":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/061b9423-1ab1-4672-8c51-4ca15121d9df/full/500,500/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","height":500,"width":500}},{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/36102325-4c72-4350-aa25-8bfc37bd7e96/canvas/_38","@type":"sc:Canvas","label":"42","height":1919,"width":1158,"images":[{"@type":"oa:Annotation","motivation":"sc:painting","resource":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/1375417c-5725-45ac-82ac-25abd6261c95/full/full/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","service":{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/1375417c-5725-45ac-82ac-25abd6261c95","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json"},"height":1919,"width":1158},"on":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/36102325-4c72-4350-aa25-8bfc37bd7e96/canvas/_38","metadata":[{"label":"Transcription","value":"mondsville, which embraces what is called Lundy’s Lane, the spot on   which one of the hardest fought-battles in the last war with England took   place.  We were carried to the place, and an old man was on the ground,   who does nothing else during the travelling season but describe the   events of the battle, in which he was engaged, to visiters.  As there were   several loads of us arrived at about the same time, he did his best in   giving the details of the conflict, but which it is needless to repeat here.    He himself was a soldier in the battle, in the British side.  He was a   respectable looking man, but illiterate.  All through his remarks, instead   of the very common blunder of a plural nominative case and singular   verb, he made the novel one of having a singular nominative with a   plural verb — such as “I were”, “he were”.  He expected a fee of course,   and most of the party gave him one, and we entered our names in the   register kept by him.  We were then carried to the “Burning"}]}],"thumbnail":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/1375417c-5725-45ac-82ac-25abd6261c95/full/500,500/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","height":500,"width":500}},{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/36102325-4c72-4350-aa25-8bfc37bd7e96/canvas/_39","@type":"sc:Canvas","label":"43","height":1925,"width":1182,"images":[{"@type":"oa:Annotation","motivation":"sc:painting","resource":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/1903ea27-3581-4920-b790-dd3a6ca8ca4c/full/full/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","service":{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/1903ea27-3581-4920-b790-dd3a6ca8ca4c","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json"},"height":1925,"width":1182},"on":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/36102325-4c72-4350-aa25-8bfc37bd7e96/canvas/_39","metadata":[{"label":"Transcription","value":"Spring” about two miles from the landing.  The water of this spring boils   up from the ground on the bank of the Rapids above the Falls.  It tastes   strongly of Sulphur.  A little shed is built over it, in which the attendant   resides, who receives a fee of a shilling from visiters.  On lighting a   piece of paper and throwing it on the surface of the water, a blue flame   suddenly arises around the paper; and when the tin cover to the spring is   put upon its curbing, and a light applied to the open tube at the top of the   tin, a strong & steady blaze ascends when the door and windows of the   shed are shut.  The room soon grows very hot and suffocating, however,   and when the air is admitted again, the blaze gradually expires.  The had   on hand a small collection of mineral specimens obtained from the   neighborhood, and also several cannon balls picked up recently in the   vicinity.  We were now carried back to what is called Table Rock, being   the edge of the fall on this side.  We were first taken to the Museum, and   so strongly urged to enter, that we found ourselves in it almost before"}]}],"thumbnail":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/1903ea27-3581-4920-b790-dd3a6ca8ca4c/full/500,500/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","height":500,"width":500}},{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/36102325-4c72-4350-aa25-8bfc37bd7e96/canvas/_40","@type":"sc:Canvas","label":"44","height":1932,"width":1156,"images":[{"@type":"oa:Annotation","motivation":"sc:painting","resource":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/d71af54b-7a13-48d3-b668-6bd9df24734f/full/full/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","service":{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/d71af54b-7a13-48d3-b668-6bd9df24734f","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json"},"height":1932,"width":1156},"on":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/36102325-4c72-4350-aa25-8bfc37bd7e96/canvas/_40","metadata":[{"label":"Transcription","value":"we had decided upon going in at all.  The price, 25 cts each, also   admitted us to the camera obscura, in a building opposite.  The museum,   which is kept by Mr. Barnett, is well filled with specimens of   quadrupeds, birds, fishes, insects and reptiles; also shells, coins,   minerals and Indian curiosities.  A living rattlesnake and buffalo we also   understood were there, but which we did not see.  The places   appropriated to the stuffed skins of creatures was so arranged as to   represent a forest scene — the birds being on trees, the beasts on the   ground underneath, the snakes in the grass, &c.  The camera obscura   was attended by a black man, who fully realized the responsibility of his   station, in having Niagara Falls committed as it were to his keeping, and   their beauties to be unfolded by him to the listening multitude.  The view   was a very pretty one, as the color and motion were both reflected upon   the cloth spread out before us.  We now repaired to Table Rock, a few   steps distant.  We could here also, as on the American side, go to the   very edge"}]}],"thumbnail":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/d71af54b-7a13-48d3-b668-6bd9df24734f/full/500,500/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","height":500,"width":500}},{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/36102325-4c72-4350-aa25-8bfc37bd7e96/canvas/_41","@type":"sc:Canvas","label":"45","height":1921,"width":1167,"images":[{"@type":"oa:Annotation","motivation":"sc:painting","resource":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/611593b9-305b-448d-8b96-7fe5af922b61/full/full/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","service":{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/611593b9-305b-448d-8b96-7fe5af922b61","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json"},"height":1921,"width":1167},"on":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/36102325-4c72-4350-aa25-8bfc37bd7e96/canvas/_41","metadata":[{"label":"Transcription","value":"of the falling water, and even wade into the shallow part of it near the   shore.  The spot which more particularly has the name of Table Rock is   a few feet distant from the water, and is a rock which projects so far over   the precipice, and is so thin and straight, as to look like the leaf of a   table.  The whole bank here, in fact, projects, so that persons at the top   and bottom cannot see each other.  There is also a crack in it 15 or 20   feet from the edge, extending some distance in length, and an inch in   width, rendering it probable that an immense mass will sooner or later be   loosened and fall from this place.  Table Rock is the most giddy place to   stand upon of any on the top of the banks on either side.  Being a solid   rock, there is no shrubbery to cling to, and it hangs so far over the   precipice, as to make one’s head dizzy to attempt to look down.  By   getting on my hands and knees I succeeded in reaching my head over the   abyss, so that I could look down upon the dark waters 160 or more feet   below.  A house of refreshment is kept on the bank here,"}]}],"thumbnail":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/611593b9-305b-448d-8b96-7fe5af922b61/full/500,500/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","height":500,"width":500}},{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/36102325-4c72-4350-aa25-8bfc37bd7e96/canvas/_42","@type":"sc:Canvas","label":"46","height":1935,"width":1159,"images":[{"@type":"oa:Annotation","motivation":"sc:painting","resource":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/8f07318b-2253-4da6-a4b6-9d727e1542a8/full/full/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","service":{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/8f07318b-2253-4da6-a4b6-9d727e1542a8","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json"},"height":1935,"width":1159},"on":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/36102325-4c72-4350-aa25-8bfc37bd7e96/canvas/_42","metadata":[{"label":"Transcription","value":"a short distance from the Rock, and a stair-way leads from the room to   the bottom of the bank.  A guide is in attendance for those who wish to   go behind the sheet of water below, who receives one dollar for waiting   upon each visiter and furnishing him with an India rubber dress.  Mr.   Bartlett & myself concluded to go down the stairs, but not to pass behind   the fall.  After reaching the bottom of the stairs, we approached the   water, along the rough pathway under the overhanging rocks.  The view   here is grand, and more terrific perhaps than from any other place, on   account of the danger which one cannot help thinking there is, of the   mountain which seems so slightly upheld above, settling down suddenly   upon him.  The dismal-looking cavern, too, behind the water, where   people enter who desire it, gives additional awe to the scene.  The mist   was so dense as to prevent us from standing near the water long.  A few   moments were sufficient to make the water drop from our hats."}]}],"thumbnail":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/8f07318b-2253-4da6-a4b6-9d727e1542a8/full/500,500/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","height":500,"width":500}},{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/36102325-4c72-4350-aa25-8bfc37bd7e96/canvas/_43","@type":"sc:Canvas","label":"5","height":1924,"width":1170,"images":[{"@type":"oa:Annotation","motivation":"sc:painting","resource":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/4e65fed4-eee5-4e07-b03d-5d56b98f3e74/full/full/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","service":{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/4e65fed4-eee5-4e07-b03d-5d56b98f3e74","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json"},"height":1924,"width":1170},"on":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/36102325-4c72-4350-aa25-8bfc37bd7e96/canvas/_43","metadata":[{"label":"Transcription","value":"Expenses of Journey - continued    1843  Amount brought over          35 57 ½    Sept. 4 Sat. night to Mon. noon at Temperance        Exchange, Niagara      3 50  Fare from Niagara to Syracuse, via Lewiston,   Toronto, Rochester, & Oswego. 3 meals incl.   9 00    “ 5 Tea at Oswego             75    “ 6 Breakfast at Syracuse            75    “     Fare from Syracuse to Schenectady    8 50   On the way           30          Schenectady to Albany       50          Baggage and riding to Hotel (.25 overpd)    62 ½           Sundries at Albany       25          Supper, lodging & breakfast at Albany   2 50    “ 7 Mrs. C’s fare to Boston      4 00   On the way & hackman house         31   Myself to Saratoga      1 50   One day lunch at do. 1.75-Sundries at do. 37 ½  2 12 ½     “ 8 Saratoga to Albany     1 50   Supper, lodging & breakfast at A.   1 25       9 Fare from Albany to Boston    4 00   On the way        25                      Total        $77 19"}]}],"thumbnail":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/4e65fed4-eee5-4e07-b03d-5d56b98f3e74/full/500,500/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","height":500,"width":500}},{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/36102325-4c72-4350-aa25-8bfc37bd7e96/canvas/_44","@type":"sc:Canvas","label":"6","height":1931,"width":1164,"images":[{"@type":"oa:Annotation","motivation":"sc:painting","resource":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/147fd596-bf5a-45b9-9b0e-a208f017a310/full/full/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","service":{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/147fd596-bf5a-45b9-9b0e-a208f017a310","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json"},"height":1931,"width":1164},"on":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/36102325-4c72-4350-aa25-8bfc37bd7e96/canvas/_44","metadata":[{"label":"Transcription","value":"Distances. - going   miles  From Boston to Albany (R. Road)  200    “  Albany to Schenectady “   15    “  Schenectady to Utica  “   78    “  Utica to Syracuse     “   53    “  Syracuse to Auburn    “   26    “  Auburn to Rochester   “   80    “  Rochester to Buffalo  “    72    “  Buffalo to Niagara    “    22                      546    Returning  From Niagara fro Lewiston (Railroad)   7     “ Lewiston to Toronto (Steamboat)  37     “ Toronto to Rochester Landing  “  85     “ Rochester Landing to Oswego  “  68     “ Oswego to Syracuse (Canal Packet)  38     “ Syracuse to Utica    53     “ Utica to Schenectady   78     “ Schenectady to Albany   15     “ Albany to Saratoga    37     “ Saratoga to Albany    37     “ Albany to Boston   200              655       546               Total going & returning, myself -      1201  do.         do.   Mrs. C -      1127    Cost per mile, each, 3cts. 31/100, including board &c. or $4.29 each, per   day."}]}],"thumbnail":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/147fd596-bf5a-45b9-9b0e-a208f017a310/full/500,500/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","height":500,"width":500}},{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/36102325-4c72-4350-aa25-8bfc37bd7e96/canvas/_45","@type":"sc:Canvas","label":"7","height":1928,"width":1136,"images":[{"@type":"oa:Annotation","motivation":"sc:painting","resource":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/fabd13f5-3db4-4b9a-a397-741c83ea13e1/full/full/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","service":{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/fabd13f5-3db4-4b9a-a397-741c83ea13e1","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json"},"height":1928,"width":1136},"on":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/36102325-4c72-4350-aa25-8bfc37bd7e96/canvas/_45","metadata":[{"label":"Transcription","value":"Left Boston, with Mrs. C. on Thursday morning, Aug. 31, 1843 at 7   o’clock, in the Albany train of Cars. over the “Boston and Worcester”   and “Western Railroads”.  Reached Springfield, 100 miles from Boston,   at half past 12, and stopped there to dine.  Nothing on consequence   happened during the day. The weather was very warm, and the Car we   were in, was well filled.  Much of the scenery in the vicinity of the   railroad west of Springfield is wild and rugged — there being many   excavations through solid rocks, one of which forms a complete tunnel   several rods in length, over which trees of considerable size are growing.    We reached Albany at half past six in the evening, and put up at the   Delavan House in Broadway, kept by Mr. Hill.  Left Albany on Friday   morning at ½ past 6, with Tickets to Auburn.   Weather cloudy and cool   in the morning, but cleared off warm"}]}],"thumbnail":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/fabd13f5-3db4-4b9a-a397-741c83ea13e1/full/500,500/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","height":500,"width":500}},{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/36102325-4c72-4350-aa25-8bfc37bd7e96/canvas/_46","@type":"sc:Canvas","label":"8","height":1918,"width":1174,"images":[{"@type":"oa:Annotation","motivation":"sc:painting","resource":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/64841fba-5b76-4054-8a26-4e33562f92d2/full/full/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","service":{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/64841fba-5b76-4054-8a26-4e33562f92d2","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json"},"height":1918,"width":1174},"on":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/36102325-4c72-4350-aa25-8bfc37bd7e96/canvas/_46","metadata":[{"label":"Transcription","value":"before noon.  The Mohawk and Hudson Railroad is the first road to pass   over from Albany.  The cars are drawn by horses from the Depot to the   inclined plane — a quarter of a mile or more — where the cars are   drawn up by means of other cars loaded with stones coming down, each   end of a rope being attached to the two trains, and turning round a   machine fixed for a purpose at the top of the hill.  A steam engine is also   in operation at the top of the hill, to regulate or assist the ascent.    Beautiful country seats and fine farms were seen in the vicinity of   Albany, but the road soon enters large forests of pine trees and sand   hills, which continue most of the distance to Schenectady, where this   road terminates.  In the year 1831 I was in Albany, and this road was   then completed for about 12 miles, from the city, and was open for   passengers, the cars being drawn by horses.  As it was the only railroad   in the country"}]}],"thumbnail":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/64841fba-5b76-4054-8a26-4e33562f92d2/full/500,500/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","height":500,"width":500}},{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/36102325-4c72-4350-aa25-8bfc37bd7e96/canvas/_47","@type":"sc:Canvas","label":"9","height":1912,"width":1159,"images":[{"@type":"oa:Annotation","motivation":"sc:painting","resource":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/bbdcbaa9-1a5c-40f6-96d2-0fabe7f9396b/full/full/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","service":{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/bbdcbaa9-1a5c-40f6-96d2-0fabe7f9396b","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json"},"height":1912,"width":1159},"on":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/36102325-4c72-4350-aa25-8bfc37bd7e96/canvas/_47","metadata":[{"label":"Transcription","value":"then far enough completed to admit passenger cars, I was induced to   take an excursion on it.  I accordingly started one morning, (as may be   found mentioned in my notes of that year’s journey) before breakfast,   and went to the end of the road, got a cold breakfast in a hut in the   woods, and returned in the same cars, getting back to Albany about the   middle of the forenoon.  I found to-day, that since that time the pine   wood had been cleared off on both sides of the road nearly the whole   distance, and that in some places a second growth of pretty good sized   trees had come forward.  Although the road is the eastern termination of   the chain of roads extending to Buffalo, I am told it is poor property.  It   being the first one in the country, it was made under disadvantages,   much of the work having to be done over again.  An inclined plane some   miles from Albany has very recently been avoided by a"}]}],"thumbnail":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/bbdcbaa9-1a5c-40f6-96d2-0fabe7f9396b/full/500,500/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","height":500,"width":500}},{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/36102325-4c72-4350-aa25-8bfc37bd7e96/canvas/_48","@type":"sc:Canvas","label":"inside back cover","height":1913,"width":1159,"images":[{"@type":"oa:Annotation","motivation":"sc:painting","resource":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/52ab08e3-f859-4352-b298-f8878a518f6e/full/full/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","service":{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/52ab08e3-f859-4352-b298-f8878a518f6e","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json"},"height":1913,"width":1159},"on":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/36102325-4c72-4350-aa25-8bfc37bd7e96/canvas/_48","metadata":[]}],"thumbnail":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/52ab08e3-f859-4352-b298-f8878a518f6e/full/500,500/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","height":500,"width":500}}]}],"thumbnail":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/675c3330-6583-4924-99ab-b6647d445d39/full/300,300/0/default.jpg","logo":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/winterthur/iiif/logo"}