MIT App Inventor is widely used by teachers in structured classroom settings as well as by self-learners in informal and non-traditional education environments. While its block-based, low-code design makes app development accessible to beginners, learners often struggle to translate their ideas into functioning apps without guided debugging support. There are growing concerns about generative AI tools diminishing students’ agency in problem-solving. Generic LLMs, like ChatGPT, lack a domain-specific knowledge base and generate overly vague or platform-incompatible responses. Additionally, Aptly, App Inventor’s built-in natural-language-to-code system, can generate working code but produces only final outputs without step-by-step interactive guidance. This work introduces a Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG)-based chatbot customized for the MIT App Inventor platform to assist K-12 students in learning mobile app development using block-based programming. The chatbot combines RAG and fine-tuning strategies to offer real-time, interactive, and platform-specific debugging assistance. By providing problem scaffolding support instead of a final answer, the chatbot preserves user agency. In doing so, the system aims to bridge the gap between open-ended creativity and structured scaffolding, enhancing the novice developer experience in a human-centered and explainable way. By tying LLM capabilities with App Inventor’s ecosystem, this thesis furthers generative AI tools and human-AI interaction for personalized education.
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