{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/2/context.json","@type":"sc:Manifest","@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/washu/iiif/ff2856d2-c501-41f9-ac7c-fbad6a4913ef/manifest","label":"rsv04p15","metadata":[{"label":"Link to Finding Aid Record","value":"https://aspace.wustl.edu/repositories/4/resources/330"},{"label":"License","value":"Permission to use, copy and distribute is hereby granted for non-commercial and education purposes only, following fair use guidelines."},{"label":"Visibility","value":"Full access (Allow downloads)"},{"label":"Title","value":"Cairo, View of the Citadel on the Muqattam Hills"},{"label":"Alternative Title","value":"Caire, pres du Mokkatam"},{"label":"Cultural Context","value":"Islamic"},{"label":"Image View Description","value":"In 1176 the Ayyubid sultan Salah al-Din (reg 1171–93) began to erect a citadel on a spur of the Muqattam Hills overlooking Cairo, probably as a precaution against internal revolt. The citadel supplanted the Fatimid palaces as the residence for the rulers of Egypt, and it attracted urban development to the area, slowing the northward expansion of the city. Most of the curtain wall was finished at the time of Salah al-Din's death; his brother al-‛Adil (reg 1200–18) added strongly fortified towers like those of the fortresses he built or restored in Aleppo, Damascus and Bosra. The masonry of the citadel is inferior to that of the Fatimid gates of Cairo, but its bent entrances are more sophisticated for defense. A well (Bi'r Yusuf) having a staircase sufficiently wide to accommodate oxen was dug 87 m through bedrock to the water table, an astonishing feat of engineering. The Mamluk sultan Baybars I (reg 1260–77) divided the citadel into two enclosures, the southernmost of which, as developed by him and by later Mamluk rulers, was less heavily fortified because the need for protection against the local inhabitants had diminished. It contained the palaces and state buildings, of which the most impressive was the dome chamber of the Dar al-‛Adl, built by the Mamluk sultan al-Nasir Muhammad (reg 1294–1340 with interruptions) in 1333–4. Known through an early 19th-century engraving as the 'Divan of Joseph', much of it was destroyed in an explosion in 1824, and the rest was cleared to make way for the mosque of Muhammad ‛Ali. Grove Dictionary of Art"},{"label":"Subject (Time Period)","value":["Nineteenth century [LCSH]"]},{"label":"Physical Dimensions of Original","value":"22.7 x 28.3 cm"},{"label":"Image View Type","value":"Citadel; photographs"},{"label":"Collecting Area","value":["Kranzberg Art & Architecture Library"]},{"label":"Collection Name","value":["19th Century Architectural Photography Collection"]},{"label":"Subject (Geographic)","value":["Cairo (Egypt) [LCNAF]"]},{"label":"Subject (Topical)","value":["Islamic architecture [LCSH]"]},{"label":"Genre Form","value":["Photographs [LCGFT]"]},{"label":"Type","value":["Still image"]},{"label":"Legacy Identifier","value":"44"},{"label":"Medium","value":["black and white photography","albumen paper"]},{"label":"Inscription","value":"lower left, in white: Caire pres du Mokkatam. 44.; lower right, in white: Bonfils."},{"label":"Link to Catalog Record","value":"https://forum.jstor.org/assets/1343161/representation-view"},{"label":"Copyright Statement","value":" This Rights Statement should be used for Items for which the copyright status has not been determined conclusively, but for which the organization that intends to make the Item available has reasonable cause to believe that the underlying Work is not covered by copyright or related rights anymore. This Rights Statement should not be used for Orphan Works (which are assumed to be in-copyright) or for Items where the organization that intends to make the Item available has not undertaken an effort to ascertain the copyright status of the underlying Work."},{"label":"Public Note","value":"Volume 04: Egypt II Page 15; Number assigned by photographer or print studio"},{"label":"Metadata Status","value":"Metadata reviewed by Metadata Services staff."},{"label":"Copyright Status","value":["No Known Copyright"]},{"label":"Creator","value":["Bonfils, Félix, 1831-1885 [LCNAF]"]}],"description":"Cairo, View of the Citadel on the Muqattam Hills","sequences":[{"@type":"sc:Sequence","canvases":[{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/washu/iiif/ff2856d2-c501-41f9-ac7c-fbad6a4913ef/canvas/_1","@type":"sc:Canvas","label":"Cairo, View of the Citadel on the Muqattam Hills","height":5222,"width":6598,"images":[{"@type":"oa:Annotation","motivation":"sc:painting","resource":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/washu/iiif/ff2856d2-c501-41f9-ac7c-fbad6a4913ef/full/full/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":null,"service":{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/washu/iiif/ff2856d2-c501-41f9-ac7c-fbad6a4913ef","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json"},"height":5222,"width":6598},"on":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/washu/iiif/ff2856d2-c501-41f9-ac7c-fbad6a4913ef/canvas/_1","metadata":[]}],"thumbnail":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/washu/iiif/ff2856d2-c501-41f9-ac7c-fbad6a4913ef/full/500,500/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","height":500,"width":500}}]}],"thumbnail":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/washu/iiif/ff2856d2-c501-41f9-ac7c-fbad6a4913ef/full/500,500/0/default.jpg","logo":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/washu/iiif/logo"}