{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/2/context.json","@type":"sc:Manifest","@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/washu/iiif/ea42145b-d683-438d-bb9d-9639a1aad010/manifest","label":"rsv16p47","metadata":[{"label":"License","value":"Permission to use, copy and distribute is hereby granted for non-commercial and education purposes only, following fair use guidelines."},{"label":"Visibility","value":"Full access (Allow downloads)"},{"label":"Title","value":"Temple of Khnum at Esna, View of exterior reliefs"},{"label":"Alternative Title","value":"Esneh / Tasenet / Latopolis"},{"label":"Cultural Context","value":"Egyptian"},{"label":"Image View Description","value":"Egyptian city c. 55 km south of Luxor on the Nile. Inhabited since ancient times, Esna remains important as the terminus of one of the main caravan routes between Egypt and the Sudan, and as a centre of textile production. The only ancient building to survive is part of the Greco-Roman Temple of Khnum, but Deir Manayus was Shuhada (the 'Monastery of the Martyrs'), a 4th-century CE Coptic foundation, lies 6 km to the south-west, and the Ottoman mosque of el-Amri in the town centre retains a brick-built minaret of the Fatimid period (969–1171). The Temple of Khnum, now reduced to its hypostyle hall, formed the core of a complex including a quay (in situ) and a processional approach (untraced); this was related to four further complexes (almost entirely lost) in the region. The earlier, inner part of the temple is represented by its front wall, which was incorporated into the hall and now forms its rear wall. It has carved relief decoration dating to the reigns of Ptolemy VI Philometor (reg 180–164 BCE; 163–145 BCE) and Ptolemy VIII Euergetes II (reg 170–163 BCE; 145–116 BCE) on its northern face; the southern face was not decorated. The rest of the hall includes some of the latest temple reliefs in Egypt, dating from the reigns of Claudius (reg 41–54) to Decius (reg 249–51). Since the temple never had an entrance pylon, the motif of the destruction of enemies traditionally placed there to safeguard symbolically the sanctified area was placed instead on the hall's exterior side walls, producing a unique juxtaposition of scene types. Inside, the chief novelty is on the columns, which have extensive texts describing the festivals of the local religious year. They include important liturgical compositions and have a complex spatial organization, probably implying an approach to design similar to that seen in the outer hypostyle hall of the Temple of Horus at Edfu. The wall reliefs include fine scenes, such as one of the king and gods netting birds and fish, and the ceiling is carved with a zodiac, unusually arranged in linear fashion along the architraves. While some of the temple's hieroglyphic texts, which are written in the most elaborate form of the script, show a steep decline in graphic composition and legibility, the reliefs maintain more successfully the standards of other Greco-Roman temples. Grove Dictionary of Art"},{"label":"Subject (Time Period)","value":["Nineteenth century [LCSH]"]},{"label":"Physical Dimensions of Original","value":"26.6 x 20.8 cm"},{"label":"Image View Type","value":"Temple; photographs"},{"label":"Collecting Area","value":["Kranzberg Art & Architecture Library"]},{"label":"Collection Name","value":["19th Century Architectural Photography Collection","Kranzberg Art & Architecture Library Special Collections"]},{"label":"Subject (Geographic)","value":["Idfū (Egypt) [LCNAF]"]},{"label":"Subject (Topical)","value":["Religious architecture [LCSH]"]},{"label":"Genre Form","value":["Photographs [LCGFT]"]},{"label":"Type","value":["Still Image"]},{"label":"Medium","value":["albumen paper","black and white photography"]},{"label":"Inscription","value":"on album page, lower left, in pencil: 65; on album page, lower left, in black ink: Esneh Exterieur du Temple"},{"label":"Link to Catalog Record","value":"https://catalog.wustl.edu:443/record=b1391820~S2"},{"label":"Copyright Statement","value":" The organization that has made the Item available reasonably believes that the Item is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use."},{"label":"Public Note","value":"Volume 16: Philae/Edfou Page 47"},{"label":"Metadata Status","value":["Metadata reviewed by Metadata Services staff."]},{"label":"Physical Location of Original","value":"Kranzberg Art&Arch Library Spec Oversize NA202 St8 4o v.1-19"},{"label":"Copyright Status","value":["No Known Copyright"]},{"label":"Creator","value":["Beato, Antonio, -1903? [LCNAF]"]},{"label":"Identifier","value":"rsv16p47"},{"label":"Visibility_Controlled","value":["Full access (Allow downloads)"]},{"label":"Link to External Resource","value":"https://library.washu.edu/spec/19th-century-architectural-photography-collection/"}],"description":"Temple of Khnum at Esna, View of exterior reliefs","sequences":[{"@type":"sc:Sequence","canvases":[{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/washu/iiif/ea42145b-d683-438d-bb9d-9639a1aad010/canvas/_1","@type":"sc:Canvas","label":"Temple of Khnum at Esna, View of exterior reliefs","height":6149,"width":4868,"images":[{"@type":"oa:Annotation","motivation":"sc:painting","resource":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/washu/iiif/ea42145b-d683-438d-bb9d-9639a1aad010/full/full/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":null,"service":{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/washu/iiif/ea42145b-d683-438d-bb9d-9639a1aad010","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json","tiles":[{"width":2048,"scaleFactors":[1,2,4]}]},"height":6149,"width":4868},"on":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/washu/iiif/ea42145b-d683-438d-bb9d-9639a1aad010/canvas/_1","metadata":[]}],"thumbnail":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/washu/iiif/ea42145b-d683-438d-bb9d-9639a1aad010/full/500,500/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","height":500,"width":500}}]}],"thumbnail":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/washu/iiif/ea42145b-d683-438d-bb9d-9639a1aad010/full/500,500/0/default.jpg","logo":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/washu/iiif/logo"}