{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/2/context.json","@type":"sc:Manifest","@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/washu/iiif/d018812c-d6d3-4290-ada9-835935eab328/manifest","label":"rsv06p46","metadata":[{"label":"License","value":"Permission to use, copy and distribute is hereby granted for non-commercial and education purposes only, following fair use guidelines."},{"label":"Visibility","value":"Full access (Allow downloads)"},{"label":"Title","value":"Parthenon"},{"label":"Cultural Context","value":"Greek"},{"label":"Image View Description","value":"This temple dedicated to Athena Parthenos ('maiden') was started in 447 BCE and that construction was sufficiently advanced by 438 BCE for the cult statue of Athena to be installed. Further work on the architectural sculpture continued until 432 BCE. Made entirely of Pentelic marble, the Parthenon is generally regarded as the most outstanding building in the Doric order. While large (30.88×69.51 m), it is far smaller than the gigantic temples of Asia Minor and Sicily. Its unusually wide interior, designed to house both the colossal chryselephantine cult statue of Athena by Pheidias and an elaborate internal colonnade, required a grand outer peristyle: the façades received eight columns, rather than the canonical six, giving the flanks seventeen rather than the usual thirteen. The building had two chambers, back-to-back, each approached through a prostyle porch of six Doric columns. The larger, eastern chamber, referred to in the temple inventories as the Hekatompedon, was the cella proper, housing the cult statue. Its two storeys of internal Doric columns ran around three sides of the room; this innovative arrangement was designed as a frame and setting for the statue. The smaller, western chamber, which, according to the official inventories, was the Parthenon proper, had a ceiling supported by four Ionic columns and housed both sacred funds and the state treasury. The exact function of architectural refinements is not fully understood, and some involve such precise workmanship that they are detectable only by careful measurement. The stylobate (platform) on which the columns stand rises slightly from the corners towards the centre, and the entablature exhibits a similar curve. Similarly, the taper of the columns themselves includes a slight swelling or Entasis halfway up. The corner columns, which were defined against the sky rather than the building, are slightly thicker than the others, and measurement of the columns' flutes reveals even subtler refinements. In addition, all the peristyle columns tilt in towards the centre of the building. Other Greek temples have some of these refinements, though none has as many as the Parthenon. Literary sources agree in naming Iktinos as one of the Parthenon architects, but, while Plutarch names his associate as Kallikrates, Vitruvius names him as Karpion. It is unclear what role Pheidias played in its design, but, as sculptor of the cult statue and general overseer of the Periclean building programme, he must have had some influence. The building was not merely a temple but possibly also a belated monument to the Greek victory in the Persian Wars and a symbol of Athenian wealth and power. There is no evidence for cult activity (i.e. no priesthood and no altar), and, in common with Greek temples generally, the Parthenon functioned partly as a state treasury. A severe fire damaged the building at some unascertained date in antiquity (2nd century BCE, 2nd or 3rd century CE), and its internal colonnades were rebuilt using material from a Hellenistic stoa. Grove Dictionary of Art"},{"label":"Subject (Time Period)","value":["Nineteenth century [LCSH]"]},{"label":"Physical Dimensions of Original","value":"20.7 x 27.8 cm"},{"label":"Image View Type","value":"Temple; photographs"},{"label":"Collecting Area","value":["Kranzberg Art & Architecture Library"]},{"label":"Collection Name","value":["19th Century Architectural Photography Collection","Kranzberg Art & Architecture Library Special Collections"]},{"label":"Subject (Geographic)","value":["Athens (Greece) [LCNAF]"]},{"label":"Subject (Topical)","value":["Religious architecture [LCSH]"]},{"label":"Genre Form","value":["Photographs [LCGFT]"]},{"label":"Type","value":["Still Image"]},{"label":"Medium","value":["albumen paper","black and white photography"]},{"label":"Inscription","value":"on album page, lower center, in black ink: Parthenon"},{"label":"Link to Catalog Record","value":"https://catalog.wustl.edu:443/record=b1391820~S2"},{"label":"Copyright Statement","value":" The organization that has made the Item available reasonably believes that the Item is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use."},{"label":"Public Note","value":"Volume 06: Germany/Greece/Switzerland Page 46"},{"label":"Metadata Status","value":["Metadata reviewed by Metadata Services staff."]},{"label":"Physical Location of Original","value":"Kranzberg Art&Arch Library Spec Oversize NA202 St8 4o v.1-19"},{"label":"Copyright Status","value":["No Known Copyright"]},{"label":"Identifier","value":"rsv06p46"},{"label":"Visibility_Controlled","value":["Full access (Allow downloads)"]},{"label":"Link to External Resource","value":"https://library.washu.edu/spec/19th-century-architectural-photography-collection/"}],"description":"Parthenon","sequences":[{"@type":"sc:Sequence","canvases":[{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/washu/iiif/d018812c-d6d3-4290-ada9-835935eab328/canvas/_1","@type":"sc:Canvas","label":"Parthenon","height":4785,"width":6525,"images":[{"@type":"oa:Annotation","motivation":"sc:painting","resource":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/washu/iiif/d018812c-d6d3-4290-ada9-835935eab328/full/full/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":null,"service":{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/washu/iiif/d018812c-d6d3-4290-ada9-835935eab328","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json","tiles":[{"width":2048,"scaleFactors":[1,2,4]}]},"height":4785,"width":6525},"on":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/washu/iiif/d018812c-d6d3-4290-ada9-835935eab328/canvas/_1","metadata":[]}],"thumbnail":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/washu/iiif/d018812c-d6d3-4290-ada9-835935eab328/full/500,500/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","height":500,"width":500}}]}],"thumbnail":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/washu/iiif/d018812c-d6d3-4290-ada9-835935eab328/full/500,500/0/default.jpg","logo":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/washu/iiif/logo"}