{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/2/context.json","@type":"sc:Manifest","@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/washu/iiif/b0735531-e818-4c0d-9b22-0000a7886f0d/manifest","label":"ClavecillasFigueroa","metadata":[{"label":"Title","value":"Filipinas and the True Beginning of America's Renaissance of Coinage"},{"label":"Description","value":"Gerard Wassily Y. Clavecillas argues that the artistic renaissance of American coinage began not with Augustus Saint-Gaudens’s celebrated 1907 double eagle, but with the U.S.–Philippine coinage designed several years earlier by Filipino master engraver Melecio Figueroa y Magbanua. Trained at the Royal Academy of Fine Arts in Madrid and the Spanish Royal Academy in Rome, Figueroa established his reputation through medallic work before becoming First Engraver of the Manila Mint in 1893. Following the American acquisition of the Philippines, he designed models for the new territorial coinage authorized in 1903. His adopted peso design featured a standing Filipinas, modeled by his daughter Blanca, holding a hammer and olive branch before Mayon volcano. Figueroa died in July 1903, just as the new coins entered circulation.\n<br><br>\nThe article emphasizes the visual similarities between Figueroa’s Filipinas and Saint-Gaudens’s later Liberty: both are full-length classical female figures in flowing Greco-Roman dress, carrying an olive branch and another symbolic implement, and set against nationally significant backgrounds. Clavecillas acknowledges that it cannot be proven that Saint-Gaudens copied or was influenced by Figueroa, but stresses the chronology: Figueroa’s model was documented by 1901 and his coin appeared in 1903, whereas Saint-Gaudens did not begin work on the double eagle until 1905. Because the Philippine coins were authorized by Congress, bore American heraldry, and were struck at U.S. government mints, the author regards them as American coins and concludes that Figueroa's Filipinas should be recognized as an overlooked precursor to the celebrated renaissance in U.S. coin design."},{"label":"Date Created","value":"D:28 M:09 Y:2026"},{"label":"Collecting Area","value":["Numismatics"]},{"label":"Collection Name","value":["Books"]},{"label":"Language","value":["English"]},{"label":"Creator","value":["Clavecillas, Gerard Wassily Y."]}],"description":"Filipinas and the True Beginning of America's Renaissance of Coinage","sequences":[{"@type":"sc:Sequence","canvases":[{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/washu/iiif/b0735531-e818-4c0d-9b22-0000a7886f0d/canvas/_1","@type":"sc:Canvas","label":"ClavecillasFigueroa-01","height":1650,"width":1275,"images":[{"@type":"oa:Annotation","motivation":"sc:painting","resource":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/washu/iiif/d56d79d3-7b51-4bca-92cb-e213f73ff3f2/full/full/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","service":{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/washu/iiif/d56d79d3-7b51-4bca-92cb-e213f73ff3f2","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json","tiles":[{"width":512,"scaleFactors":[1,2,4]}]},"height":1650,"width":1275},"on":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/washu/iiif/b0735531-e818-4c0d-9b22-0000a7886f0d/canvas/_1","metadata":[]}],"thumbnail":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/washu/iiif/d56d79d3-7b51-4bca-92cb-e213f73ff3f2/full/500,500/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","height":500,"width":500}},{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/washu/iiif/b0735531-e818-4c0d-9b22-0000a7886f0d/canvas/_2","@type":"sc:Canvas","label":"ClavecillasFigueroa-02","height":1650,"width":1275,"images":[{"@type":"oa:Annotation","motivation":"sc:painting","resource":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/washu/iiif/38033361-2bf0-42de-ad86-f92362a16262/full/full/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","service":{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/washu/iiif/38033361-2bf0-42de-ad86-f92362a16262","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json","tiles":[{"width":512,"scaleFactors":[1,2,4]}]},"height":1650,"width":1275},"on":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/washu/iiif/b0735531-e818-4c0d-9b22-0000a7886f0d/canvas/_2","metadata":[]}],"thumbnail":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/washu/iiif/38033361-2bf0-42de-ad86-f92362a16262/full/500,500/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","height":500,"width":500}},{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/washu/iiif/b0735531-e818-4c0d-9b22-0000a7886f0d/canvas/_3","@type":"sc:Canvas","label":"ClavecillasFigueroa-03","height":1650,"width":1275,"images":[{"@type":"oa:Annotation","motivation":"sc:painting","resource":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/washu/iiif/01da96ab-ff26-4a27-8b3a-4f417abbbfca/full/full/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","service":{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/washu/iiif/01da96ab-ff26-4a27-8b3a-4f417abbbfca","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json","tiles":[{"width":512,"scaleFactors":[1,2,4]}]},"height":1650,"width":1275},"on":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/washu/iiif/b0735531-e818-4c0d-9b22-0000a7886f0d/canvas/_3","metadata":[]}],"thumbnail":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/washu/iiif/01da96ab-ff26-4a27-8b3a-4f417abbbfca/full/500,500/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","height":500,"width":500}},{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/washu/iiif/b0735531-e818-4c0d-9b22-0000a7886f0d/canvas/_4","@type":"sc:Canvas","label":"ClavecillasFigueroa-04","height":1650,"width":1275,"images":[{"@type":"oa:Annotation","motivation":"sc:painting","resource":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/washu/iiif/1d7a9be3-ecb7-40b1-b611-3e4343da330e/full/full/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","service":{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/washu/iiif/1d7a9be3-ecb7-40b1-b611-3e4343da330e","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json","tiles":[{"width":512,"scaleFactors":[1,2,4]}]},"height":1650,"width":1275},"on":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/washu/iiif/b0735531-e818-4c0d-9b22-0000a7886f0d/canvas/_4","metadata":[]}],"thumbnail":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/washu/iiif/1d7a9be3-ecb7-40b1-b611-3e4343da330e/full/500,500/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","height":500,"width":500}},{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/washu/iiif/b0735531-e818-4c0d-9b22-0000a7886f0d/canvas/_5","@type":"sc:Canvas","label":"ClavecillasFigueroa-05","height":1650,"width":1275,"images":[{"@type":"oa:Annotation","motivation":"sc:painting","resource":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/washu/iiif/63049187-1dac-494f-b210-1f2d99e00e7a/full/full/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","service":{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/washu/iiif/63049187-1dac-494f-b210-1f2d99e00e7a","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json","tiles":[{"width":512,"scaleFactors":[1,2,4]}]},"height":1650,"width":1275},"on":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/washu/iiif/b0735531-e818-4c0d-9b22-0000a7886f0d/canvas/_5","metadata":[]}],"thumbnail":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/washu/iiif/63049187-1dac-494f-b210-1f2d99e00e7a/full/500,500/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","height":500,"width":500}},{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/washu/iiif/b0735531-e818-4c0d-9b22-0000a7886f0d/canvas/_6","@type":"sc:Canvas","label":"ClavecillasFigueroa-06","height":1650,"width":1275,"images":[{"@type":"oa:Annotation","motivation":"sc:painting","resource":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/washu/iiif/d5f51a1a-b7e3-4297-b410-3c4bc45069a7/full/full/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","service":{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/washu/iiif/d5f51a1a-b7e3-4297-b410-3c4bc45069a7","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json","tiles":[{"width":512,"scaleFactors":[1,2,4]}]},"height":1650,"width":1275},"on":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/washu/iiif/b0735531-e818-4c0d-9b22-0000a7886f0d/canvas/_6","metadata":[]}],"thumbnail":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/washu/iiif/d5f51a1a-b7e3-4297-b410-3c4bc45069a7/full/500,500/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","height":500,"width":500}},{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/washu/iiif/b0735531-e818-4c0d-9b22-0000a7886f0d/canvas/_7","@type":"sc:Canvas","label":"ClavecillasFigueroa-07","height":1650,"width":1275,"images":[{"@type":"oa:Annotation","motivation":"sc:painting","resource":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/washu/iiif/ee3ad393-465b-47cc-946e-3c8d2b24295e/full/full/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","service":{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/washu/iiif/ee3ad393-465b-47cc-946e-3c8d2b24295e","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json","tiles":[{"width":512,"scaleFactors":[1,2,4]}]},"height":1650,"width":1275},"on":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/washu/iiif/b0735531-e818-4c0d-9b22-0000a7886f0d/canvas/_7","metadata":[]}],"thumbnail":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/washu/iiif/ee3ad393-465b-47cc-946e-3c8d2b24295e/full/500,500/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","height":500,"width":500}},{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/washu/iiif/b0735531-e818-4c0d-9b22-0000a7886f0d/canvas/_8","@type":"sc:Canvas","label":"ClavecillasFigueroa-08","height":1650,"width":1275,"images":[{"@type":"oa:Annotation","motivation":"sc:painting","resource":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/washu/iiif/7f05ff22-037e-43fc-824c-6e5bd6ff2ea7/full/full/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","service":{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/washu/iiif/7f05ff22-037e-43fc-824c-6e5bd6ff2ea7","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json","tiles":[{"width":512,"scaleFactors":[1,2,4]}]},"height":1650,"width":1275},"on":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/washu/iiif/b0735531-e818-4c0d-9b22-0000a7886f0d/canvas/_8","metadata":[]}],"thumbnail":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/washu/iiif/7f05ff22-037e-43fc-824c-6e5bd6ff2ea7/full/500,500/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","height":500,"width":500}},{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/washu/iiif/b0735531-e818-4c0d-9b22-0000a7886f0d/canvas/_9","@type":"sc:Canvas","label":"ClavecillasFigueroa-09","height":1650,"width":1275,"images":[{"@type":"oa:Annotation","motivation":"sc:painting","resource":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/washu/iiif/7131a268-e8f6-4406-9275-3dfcb9b64784/full/full/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","service":{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/washu/iiif/7131a268-e8f6-4406-9275-3dfcb9b64784","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json","tiles":[{"width":512,"scaleFactors":[1,2,4]}]},"height":1650,"width":1275},"on":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/washu/iiif/b0735531-e818-4c0d-9b22-0000a7886f0d/canvas/_9","metadata":[]}],"thumbnail":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/washu/iiif/7131a268-e8f6-4406-9275-3dfcb9b64784/full/500,500/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","height":500,"width":500}},{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/washu/iiif/b0735531-e818-4c0d-9b22-0000a7886f0d/canvas/_10","@type":"sc:Canvas","label":"ClavecillasFigueroa-10","height":1650,"width":1275,"images":[{"@type":"oa:Annotation","motivation":"sc:painting","resource":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/washu/iiif/1c6179e9-c0af-451e-851e-3db1a9b8ae3f/full/full/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","service":{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/washu/iiif/1c6179e9-c0af-451e-851e-3db1a9b8ae3f","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json","tiles":[{"width":512,"scaleFactors":[1,2,4]}]},"height":1650,"width":1275},"on":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/washu/iiif/b0735531-e818-4c0d-9b22-0000a7886f0d/canvas/_10","metadata":[]}],"thumbnail":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/washu/iiif/1c6179e9-c0af-451e-851e-3db1a9b8ae3f/full/500,500/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","height":500,"width":500}},{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/washu/iiif/b0735531-e818-4c0d-9b22-0000a7886f0d/canvas/_11","@type":"sc:Canvas","label":"ClavecillasFigueroa-11","height":1650,"width":1275,"images":[{"@type":"oa:Annotation","motivation":"sc:painting","resource":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/washu/iiif/3ff1d087-99a8-487b-9721-ba8f53117549/full/full/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","service":{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/washu/iiif/3ff1d087-99a8-487b-9721-ba8f53117549","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json","tiles":[{"width":512,"scaleFactors":[1,2,4]}]},"height":1650,"width":1275},"on":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/washu/iiif/b0735531-e818-4c0d-9b22-0000a7886f0d/canvas/_11","metadata":[]}],"thumbnail":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/washu/iiif/3ff1d087-99a8-487b-9721-ba8f53117549/full/500,500/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","height":500,"width":500}},{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/washu/iiif/b0735531-e818-4c0d-9b22-0000a7886f0d/canvas/_12","@type":"sc:Canvas","label":"ClavecillasFigueroa-12","height":1650,"width":1275,"images":[{"@type":"oa:Annotation","motivation":"sc:painting","resource":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/washu/iiif/eac04c9e-f1f8-4d7f-b44b-31109e470033/full/full/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","service":{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/washu/iiif/eac04c9e-f1f8-4d7f-b44b-31109e470033","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json","tiles":[{"width":512,"scaleFactors":[1,2,4]}]},"height":1650,"width":1275},"on":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/washu/iiif/b0735531-e818-4c0d-9b22-0000a7886f0d/canvas/_12","metadata":[]}],"thumbnail":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/washu/iiif/eac04c9e-f1f8-4d7f-b44b-31109e470033/full/500,500/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","height":500,"width":500}},{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/washu/iiif/b0735531-e818-4c0d-9b22-0000a7886f0d/canvas/_13","@type":"sc:Canvas","label":"ClavecillasFigueroa-13","height":1650,"width":1275,"images":[{"@type":"oa:Annotation","motivation":"sc:painting","resource":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/washu/iiif/0e482b54-cba5-4a8a-abdb-43ff7affdd59/full/full/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","service":{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/washu/iiif/0e482b54-cba5-4a8a-abdb-43ff7affdd59","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json","tiles":[{"width":512,"scaleFactors":[1,2,4]}]},"height":1650,"width":1275},"on":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/washu/iiif/b0735531-e818-4c0d-9b22-0000a7886f0d/canvas/_13","metadata":[]}],"thumbnail":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/washu/iiif/0e482b54-cba5-4a8a-abdb-43ff7affdd59/full/500,500/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","height":500,"width":500}},{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/washu/iiif/b0735531-e818-4c0d-9b22-0000a7886f0d/canvas/_14","@type":"sc:Canvas","label":"ClavecillasFigueroa-14","height":1650,"width":1275,"images":[{"@type":"oa:Annotation","motivation":"sc:painting","resource":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/washu/iiif/2ddd3f74-6001-4a76-9989-2cc88523682f/full/full/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","service":{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/washu/iiif/2ddd3f74-6001-4a76-9989-2cc88523682f","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json","tiles":[{"width":512,"scaleFactors":[1,2,4]}]},"height":1650,"width":1275},"on":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/washu/iiif/b0735531-e818-4c0d-9b22-0000a7886f0d/canvas/_14","metadata":[]}],"thumbnail":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/washu/iiif/2ddd3f74-6001-4a76-9989-2cc88523682f/full/500,500/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","height":500,"width":500}},{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/washu/iiif/b0735531-e818-4c0d-9b22-0000a7886f0d/canvas/_15","@type":"sc:Canvas","label":"ClavecillasFigueroa-15","height":1650,"width":1275,"images":[{"@type":"oa:Annotation","motivation":"sc:painting","resource":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/washu/iiif/bb8e0331-07d3-4ae5-9cca-ceff10df5475/full/full/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","service":{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/washu/iiif/bb8e0331-07d3-4ae5-9cca-ceff10df5475","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json","tiles":[{"width":512,"scaleFactors":[1,2,4]}]},"height":1650,"width":1275},"on":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/washu/iiif/b0735531-e818-4c0d-9b22-0000a7886f0d/canvas/_15","metadata":[]}],"thumbnail":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/washu/iiif/bb8e0331-07d3-4ae5-9cca-ceff10df5475/full/500,500/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","height":500,"width":500}}]}],"thumbnail":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/washu/iiif/d56d79d3-7b51-4bca-92cb-e213f73ff3f2/full/300,300/0/default.jpg","logo":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/washu/iiif/logo"}