{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/2/context.json","@type":"sc:Manifest","@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/washu/iiif/7ef38915-1750-484c-b8df-183b4c30ba65/manifest","label":"rsv07p49","metadata":[{"label":"Link to Finding Aid Record","value":"https://aspace.wustl.edu/repositories/4/resources/330"},{"label":"License","value":"Permission to use, copy and distribute is hereby granted for non-commercial and education purposes only, following fair use guidelines."},{"label":"Visibility","value":"Full access (Allow downloads)"},{"label":"Title","value":"Quwwat al-Islam Mosque Complex"},{"label":"Alternative Title","value":"Jami‛ Masjid"},{"label":"Cultural Context","value":"Indian; Islamic"},{"label":"Image View Description","value":"Built as Delhi's first congregational mosque (Jami‛ Masjid), the mosque now known as the Quwwat al-Islam ('Might of Islam') is the central structure of a large partially ruined complex, including the Qutb Minar, the tomb of Sultan Iltutmish (reg 1211–36) and the ‛Alaاi Darvaza. The mosque was founded in 1192 with the conquest of north India by Qutb al-Din Aybak, commander of the armies of the Ghurid ruler Muhammad ibn Sam. Temple spolia were used in the construction; following the preferred hypostyle plan for mosques, pillars and lintels form a colonnade around a central courtyard (43×32 m). Figurative sculptures were defaced, but other carved decorations, such as the overflowing pot motif, were retained. Corbelled ceilings from temples were also employed and probably reset by indigenous craftsmen. A screen of five lofty arches (15 m high) was added across the façade of the qibla colonnade in 1198. These ogee arches, of unusual grace and impressiveness, were skillfully corbelled to create the arch shape without the use of voussoirs. The screen was constructed of red and grey sandstone, quartzite and black slate. The ornamentation included graceful wave patterns and lotus scrollwork drawn directly from temple decoration. These elements were combined with calligraphy. In front of the façade in the mosque's courtyard is the Iron Pillar (c. 400), a relic of the Gupta period cast in a pure, non-corrosive iron. The tapering column (7.21 m) was a victory standard (Skt dhvaja), as its inscription states; it was probably crowned by a garuda figure, which no longer survives. Qutb al-Din Aybak probably placed (or retained) the standard as a victory symbol. The Quwwat al-Islam Mosque was extended by the sultans Iltutmish and ‛Ala al-Din Khalji (reg 1296–1316). ‛Ala al-Din, the greatest builder of the Khalji dynasty, continued the expansion of the mosque by adding a façade-screen to the north and building a colonnade that embraced all the earlier structures. The Qutb Minar stands at the south-east corner of Qutb al-Din Aybak's original mosque. Rising in five storeys (probably four originally), it is 72.54 m in height and 14.73 m in diameter at the base. Though the symbolism of the kīrti stambha (Skt 'pillar of glory') was similar, the Qutb Minar is clearly based on victory towers in Afghanistan, surviving, for example, at Ghazna and Jam (see also Minaret). North of the Qutb Minar is the unfinished stump (24.5 m high) of a second minaret begun by ‛Alaا al-Din Khalji. Intended to be twice the height of the Qutb Minar, this project of unprecedented scale was left incomplete. ‛Ala al-Din also built his tomb and a madrasa (Islamic college) immediately west of the Quwwat al-Islam Mosque; these structures are mostly ruined. Grove Dictionary of Art"},{"label":"Subject (Time Period)","value":["Nineteenth century [LCSH]"]},{"label":"Physical Dimensions of Original","value":"18.9 x 23.9 cm"},{"label":"Image View Type","value":"Mosque; photographs"},{"label":"Collecting Area","value":["Kranzberg Art & Architecture Library"]},{"label":"Collection Name","value":["19th Century Architectural Photography Collection"]},{"label":"Subject (Geographic)","value":["Delhi (India) [LCNAF]"]},{"label":"Description","value":"There are numerous small black splotches and dots in the lower ground of the photograph, due to damage to the negative or error during printing. There is also a blank white mark in the upper left."},{"label":"Subject (Topical)","value":["Islamic architecture [LCSH]","Religious architecture [LCSH]"]},{"label":"Genre Form","value":["Photographs [LCGFT]"]},{"label":"Type","value":["Still image"]},{"label":"Medium","value":["albumen paper","black and white photography"]},{"label":"Inscription","value":"on album page, lower left, in black ink: Jumna Musjid, Interior, Delhi."},{"label":"Link to Catalog Record","value":"https://forum.jstor.org/assets/1353823/representation-view"},{"label":"Copyright Statement","value":"<a href=\"http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NKC/1.0/\"> This Rights Statement should be used for Items for which the copyright status has not been determined conclusively, but for which the organization that intends to make the Item available has reasonable cause to believe that the underlying Work is not covered by copyright or related rights anymore. This Rights Statement should not be used for Orphan Works (which are assumed to be in-copyright) or for Items where the organization that intends to make the Item available has not undertaken an effort to ascertain the copyright status of the underlying Work.</a>"},{"label":"Public Note","value":"Volume 07: India Page 49"},{"label":"Metadata Status","value":"Metadata reviewed by Metadata Services staff."},{"label":"Copyright Status","value":["No Known Copyright"]}],"description":"Quwwat al-Islam Mosque Complex","sequences":[{"@type":"sc:Sequence","canvases":[{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/washu/iiif/7ef38915-1750-484c-b8df-183b4c30ba65/canvas/_1","@type":"sc:Canvas","label":"Quwwat al-Islam Mosque Complex","height":4384,"width":5599,"images":[{"@type":"oa:Annotation","motivation":"sc:painting","resource":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/washu/iiif/7ef38915-1750-484c-b8df-183b4c30ba65/full/full/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":null,"service":{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/washu/iiif/7ef38915-1750-484c-b8df-183b4c30ba65","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json"},"height":4384,"width":5599},"on":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/washu/iiif/7ef38915-1750-484c-b8df-183b4c30ba65/canvas/_1","metadata":[]}],"thumbnail":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/washu/iiif/7ef38915-1750-484c-b8df-183b4c30ba65/full/500,500/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","height":500,"width":500}}]}],"thumbnail":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/washu/iiif/7ef38915-1750-484c-b8df-183b4c30ba65/full/500,500/0/default.jpg","logo":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/washu/iiif/logo"}