{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/2/context.json","@type":"sc:Manifest","@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/washu/iiif/1b8a4b8e-1f41-4bdf-a4c8-9e88770b0cbd/manifest","label":"rsv02p08","metadata":[{"label":"Link to Finding Aid Record","value":"https://aspace.wustl.edu/repositories/4/resources/330"},{"label":"License","value":"Permission to use, copy and distribute is hereby granted for non-commercial and education purposes only, following fair use guidelines."},{"label":"Visibility","value":"Full access (Allow downloads)"},{"label":"Title","value":"Ka'ba, Mecca"},{"label":"Cultural Context","value":"Islamic"},{"label":"Image View Description","value":"The Koran states that the Ka‛ba had been raised initially by the prophets Ibrahim (Abraham) and Isma‛il, and Muslims believe that the institution of Islam restored the Ka‛ba to its original monotheistic role. Muslims revere the Black Stone, set in its east corner, which they believe had been given to Ibrahim by the Archangel Gabriel. When Muhammad entered Mecca, he left the sanctuary untouched but had the idols in it destroyed. In early 624 the direction of Muslim prayer (Arab. qibla) was changed from Jerusalem to Mecca, and all Muslims are enjoined in the Koran to pray five times daily towards the Ka‛ba. All who are able must make the pilgrimage to Mecca (Arab. hajj) at least once, during which they circumambulate the Ka‛ba (Arab. tawāf ) and perform other rites. With the Prophet's final pilgrimage in 632, the pilgrim rites were definitively established. To accommodate the increasing number of pilgrims, the open area around the Ka‛ba was enlarged in 638 by the second caliph, ‛Umar (reg 634–44), and again by his successor ‛Uthman (reg 644–56), who built colonnades around the esplanade within which the Ka‛ba stands. This mosque, the Masjid al-Haram, encompassed the well of Zamzam and two sites associated with the founders of the first Ka‛ba, the Maqam Ibrahim and Hijr of Isma‛il. Adjacent to the mosque is the Mas‛a (Arab. 'place of running'), the course between the hills of al-Safa' and al-Marwa, along which Ibrahim's wife Hajar had run to find water in the desert before Zamzam sprang up. In 683 the Ka‛ba was burnt and the surrounding mosque damaged when the army of the Umayyad caliphs (reg 661–750) besieged the city, held by the counter-caliph ‛Abdallah ibn al-Zubayr. Ibn al-Zubayr rebuilt the Ka‛ba, using Meccan stone and Yemeni mortar and extending it to include the Hijr. The Black Stone, which had been split into three by the fire, was reinstalled in a silver band. Ibn al-Zubayr's alterations lasted only until 693, when the Umayyads took the city and rebuilt the Ka‛ba in its form at the time of Muhammad. The Umayyad caliph al-Walid (reg 705–15) had the mosque decorated with marble, gold leaf and mosaics, which were probably like those decorating the Dome of the Rock and the Great Mosque of Damascus. By the 7th century the Ka‛ba was covered with the kiswa, a great cloth that was replaced annually. Grove Dictionary of Art"},{"label":"Subject (Time Period)","value":["Nineteenth century [LCSH]"]},{"label":"Physical Dimensions of Original","value":"20.4 x 26.2 cm"},{"label":"Image View Type","value":"Shrine; photographs"},{"label":"Collecting Area","value":["Kranzberg Art & Architecture Library"]},{"label":"Collection Name","value":["19th Century Architectural Photography Collection"]},{"label":"Subject (Geographic)","value":["Mecca (Saudi Arabia) [LCNAF]"]},{"label":"Description","value":"This photograph is most likely a copy of a photograph taken by Mohammed Sadic in 1881. The image is surrounded by a blank border with Arabic script, in black, in the upper center and lower left to center."},{"label":"Subject (Topical)","value":["Religious architecture [LCSH]","Pilgrims and pilgrimages [LCSH]"]},{"label":"Genre Form","value":["Photographs [LCGFT]"]},{"label":"Type","value":["Still image"]},{"label":"Medium","value":["albumen paper","black and white photography"]},{"label":"Inscription","value":"[Arabic script above and below image]"},{"label":"Link to Catalog Record","value":"https://forum.jstor.org/assets/1341294/representation-view"},{"label":"Copyright Statement","value":"<a href=\"http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NKC/1.0/\"> This Rights Statement should be used for Items for which the copyright status has not been determined conclusively, but for which the organization that intends to make the Item available has reasonable cause to believe that the underlying Work is not covered by copyright or related rights anymore. This Rights Statement should not be used for Orphan Works (which are assumed to be in-copyright) or for Items where the organization that intends to make the Item available has not undertaken an effort to ascertain the copyright status of the underlying Work.</a>"},{"label":"Public Note","value":"Volume 02: Cairo/Nubia Page 8"},{"label":"Metadata Status","value":"Metadata reviewed by Metadata Services staff."},{"label":"Copyright Status","value":["No Known Copyright"]},{"label":"Creator","value":["Sébah, Pascal, 1823-1886 [LCNAF]"]}],"description":"Ka'ba, Mecca","sequences":[{"@type":"sc:Sequence","canvases":[{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/washu/iiif/1b8a4b8e-1f41-4bdf-a4c8-9e88770b0cbd/canvas/_1","@type":"sc:Canvas","label":"Ka'ba, Mecca","height":4770,"width":6128,"images":[{"@type":"oa:Annotation","motivation":"sc:painting","resource":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/washu/iiif/1b8a4b8e-1f41-4bdf-a4c8-9e88770b0cbd/full/full/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":null,"service":{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/washu/iiif/1b8a4b8e-1f41-4bdf-a4c8-9e88770b0cbd","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json"},"height":4770,"width":6128},"on":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/washu/iiif/1b8a4b8e-1f41-4bdf-a4c8-9e88770b0cbd/canvas/_1","metadata":[]}],"thumbnail":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/washu/iiif/1b8a4b8e-1f41-4bdf-a4c8-9e88770b0cbd/full/500,500/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","height":500,"width":500}}]}],"thumbnail":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/washu/iiif/1b8a4b8e-1f41-4bdf-a4c8-9e88770b0cbd/full/500,500/0/default.jpg","logo":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/washu/iiif/logo"}