{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/2/context.json","@type":"sc:Manifest","@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/ncdcr/iiif/e75279e1-5ee9-4685-bcd4-6561522dee0b/manifest","label":"Water_Resources","metadata":[{"label":"Title","value":"State Agency Finding Aid: Water Resources, 1938-1959"},{"label":"MARS ID","value":"86"},{"label":"Digital Collections","value":["Legacy Finding Aids Collection"]},{"label":"Identifier","value":"Water_Resources"},{"label":"Digital Format","value":["application/pdf"]},{"label":"Hosted By","value":["State Archives of North Carolina"]},{"label":"Metadata Creator","value":["Cusick, Aaron"]},{"label":"Type","value":["Text"]},{"label":"Notes Public","value":"If you have questions about this collection, please contact the State Archives of North Carolina at archives@ncdcr.gov."},{"label":"Source","value":"Water Resources Records. State Archives of North Carolina"},{"label":"Language","value":["English"]},{"label":"Description","value":"Prior to the establishment of a separate Department of Water Resources in 1959, several state agencies had duties pertaining to the state's water supply.  In 1909 the North Carolina State Board of Health was given responsibility for the general care of all inland waters and was directed to advise state institutions, municipalities, and corporations regarding water supply systems.  In 1905 the General Assembly had restructured the Geological Survey of the State of North Carolina, renaming it the Geological and Economic Survey and charging it with examining and conserving the state's water power resources. In 1921 the General Assembly authorized cooperation between the counties and the Geological and Economic Survey for the purpose of making a statewide water resources survey.  Functions of the Geological and Economic Survey were absorbed in 1925 by the newly created Department of Conservation and Development. The Water Resources Division, originally created by the Survey in 1921,  was reestablished within the department for the purpose of obtaining basic data through research and surveys and promoting conservation  and a more profitable use of the state's water resources.  The division was also directed to cooperate with other state agencies and with the Federal Power Commission in preparing for the future hydroelectric power needs of the state.  In 1927 a State Stream Sanitation and Conservation Committee, as an arm of the State Board of Health, was formed to organize and direct the state's first stream studies.  Although composed of the heads and the chief engineers of the State Board of Health and the Department of Conservation and Development, the committee received scant legislative funding for activities during its first two decades.  In 1945 the   General Assembly formally mandated that the State Stream Sanitation and  Conservation Committee would study and report on pollution in all the  state's streams.  As a result of the committee's work, the General   Assembly appropriated minimum funds in 1947 for a pollution-control program.  That same year Congress enacted the nation's first Water Pollution Control Act, the basis for present-day state and federal cooperative programs.  In 1951 the General Assembly ratified the State Stream Sanitation Act, creating the renamed State Stream Sanitation Committee as an  autonomous body with the State Board of Health and requiring that streams and river basins be classified and pollution control standards adopted.  The act also established a set of enforcement provisions, providing a framework and legal basis for the state's current program of water pollution control.  In 1955 the General Assembly established a Board of Water  Commissioners to maintain an inventory of the state's water resources and to conduct a program of education, planning, and research in  long-range water conservation and usage.  Additionally, the board was empowered to direct the allocation of water under emergency conditions. Composed of seven gubernatorial appointees, the board was to include at least one member representing each of the following interests: agriculture, municipalities, the electric power industry, and other industries.  The director of the Department of Conservation and  Development and the executive secretary of the State Stream Sanitation Committee were to serve ex officio on the board's sixteen-member Advisory Committee.  In 1957 the General Assembly proposed that a state agency study the state's water resources and advise the governor and legislature as to the laws, policies, and administrative organization needed to coordinate more effectively the state's ongoing water research activities and utilize its water resources.  Under the Department of  Water Resources Act of 1959, the General Assembly established an agency to coordinate the state's activities in order to make improvements in the methods of conserving, developing, and using water resources.  The new agency was placed under the direction of a Board of Water Resources consisting of seven members appointed by the governor.  Following  completion of staggered terms by initial appointees, tenures were for six years.  Subject to the governor's approval, the director of the department was appointed by the board.  Under its enabling legislation, the Department of Water Resources absorbed the previous duties and functions of the Water Resources Division of the Department of Conservation and Development.   Additionally, the board was directed to organize the new department into   two or more units, including the Navigable Ways Division and the Water  Water Pollution Control Division.  The State Stream Sanitation Committee and its programs from the State Board of Health were moved into the latter division.  In 1967 the General Assembly enacted the Water and Air Resources Act, revising the State Stream Sanitation Act of 1951 and replacing the Department of Water Resources with the Department of Water and Air Resources.  Authority for this program was to be vested in a Board of Water and Air Resources whose terms of office and power to appoint a director were identical to its predecessor.  However, the new board of gubernatorial appointees was enlarged to thirteen members, including eleven members who had served on the former board and the State Stream Santitation Committee, which was renamed the Pollution  Control Committee.  Under terms of the act, the board was charged with  establishing standards of water and air purity and coordinating  policies with other jurisdictions concerned with pollution abatement and control.  The board was authorized to organize the department into the following units based on function: water pollution control, air pollution, ground water, and navigable waterways.  In 1967 the legislature also enacted the Water Use Act, which granted limited regulatory authority to the board for the purpose of serving the public interest and maximizing the state's water resources.   During the same year, the General Assembly authorized the Department of Water and Air Resources to work with local governments in  coordinating a program of flood plain management.  In 1970 the  Pollution Control Committee was renamed the Water and Air Quality Control Committee.  Under the Executive Organization Act of 1971 the Department and Board of Water and Air Resources were transferred to the newly formed Department of Natural and Economic Resources, an umbrella agency directed by a cabinet-level secretary appointed by the governor.  During this first phase of governmental reorganization, the Department and Board of Water and Air Resources were subject only to the general management and supervision of the secretary.  In separate legislation the 1971 General Assembly authorized the state's first appropriation to aid in the construction of local wastewater treatment plants and approved a statewide bond referendum for additional financial aid for public water supply and wastewater treatment plants.  That legislature also strengthened the Water and Air Resources Act by tightening enforcement procedures and raising monitoring and reporting requirements.  The Department of Natural and Economic Resources was re-created and reorganized under the Executive Organization Act of 1973, the second phase of governmental reorganization.  Under this act the Department of Water and Air Resources and its board came under complete authority of the umbrella agency and its secretary.  Under the same act, the newly created Environmental Management Commission (EMC) and Division of  Environmental Management replaced the Department and Board of Water and Air Resources in administering the state's programs of water conservation and pollution control.  In 1975 the EMC absorbed the duties and functions of the Water and Air Quality Control Committee.  The EMC was formed in the aftermath of congressional actions in the early 1970s that had substantially extended federal influence to the states by requiring water quality standards and water planning documents, and by providing billions of dollars for the construction of municipal facilities.  Also, the Governor's Efficiency Study Commission of 1973 had cited the failure of the Board of Water and Air Resources to be specific in all of its rules and programs and had called for a reorganization of the board and its administrative office, in order to permit a more efficient response to the rapid and significant changes in state and federal laws and regulations.    In 1977 the General Assembly reconstituted the Department of Natural and Economic Resources as the Department of Natural Resources and Community Development (NRCD), also under a cabinet-level secretary appointed by the governor.  Following this reorganization, the  department included the following major components that had duties pertaining to the state's water and air resources:  the Office of Water Resources; the Environmental Management Commission; the  Division of Environmental Management; the Division of Soil and Water Conservation; and various councils and commissions.  The Office of Water Resources subsequently operated various programs, some of which had been initiated under the old departments of Water Resources and Water and Air Resources and their predecessors. Activities supported by the Office of Water Resources involved river basin management, water supplies, navigation, flood damage reduction, drainage, and beach protection.  However, the Division of Environmental Management and the Environmental Management Commission continued to be the primary agency concerned with administering, promulgating, and enforcing rules and regulations designed to preserve and enhance the  water and air resources of the state.  By the mid-1980s a movement emerged in state government to combine into one department those agencies concerned with natural resources, environmental matters, and public health.  In 1989 the General Assembly enacted legislation creating the Department of Environment, Health, and Natural Resources under a cabinet-level secretary appointed by the governor.  It abolished NRCD and placed most of those functions  involving the state's water, air, and land resources under the authority of the new department and its secretary.  Subsequently, the Division of Water Resources was established to replace the Office of Water Resources, and it was grouped, along with the Division of Environmental Management and other related divisions, under the supervision of an assistant secretary of  environmental protection.  Within the Division of Water Resources, the Water Resources Planning Section was to manage water resources development and projects such as aquatic weed control, water use  projections, special studies on water problems, and programs involving the state's streams and rivers.  The Water Supply   Assistance Section was formed primarily to provide technical assistance to public water supply system operators.  The Hydrology and Management  Section was establsihed to provide information on and analysis of  surface waters, ground waters, reservoir operations, and river  basin and aquifer management.  REFERENCES: P.L., 1905, c. 542.  P.L., 1909, c. 793.  P.L., 1921, c. 208.  P.L., 1925, c. 122.  S.L., 1945, c. 1010.  S.L., 1951, c. 606.  S.L., 1955, c. 857.  S.L., 1957, c. 753.  S.L., 1959, c. 779.  S.L., 1967, cc. 822, 829, 933.  S.L., 1971, cc. 864, 909, 1167.  S.L., 1973, c. 1262, ss. 11-15; ss. 19-23.  S.L., 1975, Executive Order No. 13, 21 February 1975.  S.L., 1977, c. 771.  S.L., 1989, c. 727.  G.S. 143B-279.1 through 143B-279.4 [1993].  Department of Environment, Health, and Natural Resources.  DIRECTORY.   Raleigh, 1990.  Pp. 74-76.  Governor's Efficiency Study Commission.  SURVEY AND RECOMMENDATIONS.   Raleigh, 1973.  Pp. 128-131.  ---.  FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS.  Raleigh, 1985.  Pp. 89-92.  Howells, David W.  QUEST FOR CLEAN STREAMS IN NORTH CAROLINA:  AN   HISTORICAL ACCOUNT OF STREAM POLLUTION CONTROL IN NORTH CAROLINA.   Chapel Hill:  Water Resources Institute of the University of   North Carolina, 1990.  North Carolina Historical Commission.  NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL, 1929.   Compiled and edited by A. R. Newsome.  Raleigh, 1929.  Pp. 140-152.  Office of the Secretary of State.  NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL, 1989-1990.   Edited by John L. Cheney, Jr.  Raleigh, 1990.  Pp. 608-610, 612-613.  University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.  Institute of Government.   INTERNAL ORGANIZATION OF NORTH CAROLINA STATE EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENTS,    THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY, AND THE JUDICIAL SYSTEM.  Compiled by Ann L.   Sawyer.  Chapel Hill, 1982.  P. 14.  %7EFor information about a related agency, see the agency history   for the Environmental Management Commission Record Group (#143)."},{"label":"Digital Characteristics","value":"4 pages"},{"label":"Format","value":["Finding aids"]},{"label":"Rights","value":"This item is provided courtesy of the State Archives of North Carolina and is a public record according to G.S.132."},{"label":"Source Collections","value":["Water Resources Records. 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