{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/2/context.json","@type":"sc:Manifest","@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/ncdcr/iiif/cb4954e9-5c10-43d3-b6d1-28cf94008019/manifest","label":"Engineers_and_Surveyors","metadata":[{"label":"Title","value":"State Agency Finding Aid: Board of Registration for Professional Engineers and Land Surveyors, 1921-1966"},{"label":"MARS ID","value":"72"},{"label":"Digital Collections","value":["Legacy Finding Aids Collection"]},{"label":"Identifier","value":"Engineers_and_Surveyors"},{"label":"Digital Format","value":["application/pdf"]},{"label":"Hosted By","value":["State Archives of North Carolina"]},{"label":"Metadata Creator","value":["Cusick, Aaron"]},{"label":"Type","value":["Text"]},{"label":"Notes Public","value":"If you have questions about this collection, please contact the State Archives of North Carolina at archives@ncdcr.gov."},{"label":"Source","value":"Board of Registration for Professional Engineers and Land Surveyors Records. State Archives of North Carolina"},{"label":"Language","value":["English"]},{"label":"Description","value":"With the exception of the oath and bond required of county surveyors since colonial days, the first effort at state regulation of the  interrelated professions of engineering and surveying came in 1921 with the creation of the State Board of Registration for Engineeers and Land Surveyors.  The five members of the board were to be appointed by the governor for four-year terms.  At least two of the initial appointees were to be faculty members of the engineering department at North Carolina State College of Agriculture and Engineering.  All board members had to have at least ten years' experience in the practice or teaching of engineering or surveying.  The board was empowered to compel  attendance of witnesses, administer oaths, and take testimony.  It was directed to adopt an official seal to affix to certificates of  registration; each registrant would then be given a facsimile of the seal bearing his name and title (registered engineer or registered land surveyor) which was to be embossed upon all plans, plats and reports that he issued.  The board was to maintain a record of its proceedings  and register of applicants.  Each January the secretary of the board  would prepare a roster of certified engineers and surveyors.  The statute established as minimum standards of qualification for  registration the following criteria:  twenty-one years of age; U.S.  citizenship; the ability to write and speak English; good character and repute; and either professional experience (five years for engineers, three for surveyors), a degree from a four-year school of engineering, or full membership in a state or national engineering or architectural  society.  Corporations and partnerships were permitted to practice engineering or land surveying provided all supervisors were registered with the board.  Individuals holding valid certificates from another state and qualified practitioners who applied before the first day of 1923 could be registered without examination.  Certificates expired at  the end of each calendar year and had to be renewed annually.  By unanimous vote, the board could revoke a certificate if the holder was found guilty of deceit in his application or of gross negligence, incompetence, or dishonesty in his profession.  Anyone who attemped to practice without being registered was guilty of a misdemeanor,  punishable by fine and/or imprisonment.  The board operated under the enabling legislation for thirty years. In 1951 the statute was rewritten and the name of the board changed to State Board of Registration for Professional Engineers and Land Surveyors.  One member of the board was to be a registered land surveyor and the others registered engineers.  The minimum satisfactory evidence required for registration was revised, including the various combinations of education and experience necessary to sit for an examination.  Applicants over thirty-five years old with either fifteen years of practice as an engineer or ten years as a surveyor were not required to take an exam.  The statute also added the registration  classification of engineers-in-training for graduates of engineering schools who lacked the necessary experience to qualify as a professional engineer.  A window was created for land surveyors regardlesss of age with at least five years of practice in the state to apply for certification without examination.  Any applicant whose license was denied or revoked by the board was granted the right of appeal to  superior court.  In 1953 the board was directed to prepare a manual of practice for land surveyors.  The term of board members was lengthened to five years in 1957.  Under this latter act, the minimum evidence of qualification was again revised and the exemption from examination for practitioners  of long experience was deleted.  The 1957 statute also listed punitive  measures the board could take against registrants found guilty of fraud or malpractice, including reprimand, temporary suspension, revocation  of registration, and probationary revocation.  In 1959 another temporary window was opened for land surveyors with at least one year of practice in North Carolina to apply for registration without examination.  The board was authorized in 1963 to establish and conduct instructional programs in conjunction with state universities, community colleges, and county and state boards of education.  Board membership was increased by one in 1965 with the addition of a second registered land surveyor.  The general statute regulating engineers and surveyors was again substantially rewritten in 1975.  The board of registration was  increased to seven members, a third surveyor being added.  Appointees  to the board were required to have practiced in the state at least two years.  The board was authorized to employ a full-time, salaried executive secretary, and directed to promulgate rules of professional conduct for the guidance of registrants.  Disciplinary action against a certificate holder required only a majority vote rather than unanimity. Grounds for such action were more carefully defined and were broadened to include violation of the board's code of conduct and declarations of insanity or incompetence.  The minimum evidence for qualification was again revised and the classification of land surveyor-in-training introduced.  For the first time, the length and composition of the various examinations was given statutory definition.  Finally, the 1975 act declared it illegal for county registers of deeds to record a map, plat, or survey without the seal and signature of a registered  land surveyor affixed to the document.  In 1977 the State Board for Registration of Professional Engineers  and Land Surveyors was among the many state regulatory agencies which came under review by the Governmental Evaluation Commission, or the Sunset Commission.  The commission's report recommended that the board be continued but suggested several alterations designed to render it  more responsive to the general public.  Consequently the legislature in 1979 increased board membership to nine with the addition of two \"public members\" who were neither engineers nor surveyors.  The board was authorized to limit the number of unregistered employees a  registrant could supervise and to require evidence of continued  competency before renewing a certificate.  The legislature directed the board to submit for approval a program of licensure that would distinguish among the various disciplines of the engineering profession.  In 1985 the board was instructed to encourage state schools to offer the courses required for registration.  In 1989 \"professional incompetence\" was specifically cited as an offense meriting disciplinary action; the board could require reexamination in such cases.  Also, the the minimum requirement for board members was increased from two years of practice in the state to six.  REFERENCES:  P.L., 1921, c. 1.  P.L., 1939, c. 218.  S.L., 1951, c. 1084.  S.L., 1953, c. 1215.  S.L., 1957, c. 1060.  S.L., 1959, c. 1236.  S.L., 1963, c. 843.  S.L., 1965, c. 940.  S.L., 1969, c. 718.  S.L., 1975, c. 681.  S.L., 1977, c. 712.  S.L., 1979, c. 819.  S.L., 1985, c. 977.  S.L., 1989, cc. 108, 669.  G.S. 89C-1 through 89C-23 [1993].  North Carolina Governmental Evaluation Commission.  GOVERNMENTAL   EVALUATION COMMISSION REPORT ON NORTH CAROLINA BOARD OF REGISTRATION   FOR PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERS AND LAND SURVEYORS.  Raleigh, 1979."},{"label":"Digital Characteristics","value":"1 page"},{"label":"Format","value":["Finding aids"]},{"label":"Rights","value":"This item is provided courtesy of the State Archives of North Carolina and is a public record according to G.S.132."},{"label":"Source Collections","value":["Board of Registration for Professional Engineers and Land Surveyors Records. 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