{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/2/context.json","@type":"sc:Manifest","@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/ncdcr/iiif/9fa23e2b-1955-4f08-97be-1c5614f921fa/manifest","label":"MC_099.1886s_Shaffers_Map_of_North_Carolina","metadata":[{"label":"Title","value":"Shaffer's New Township Map of North Carolina"},{"label":"Digital Collections","value":["Treasures"]},{"label":"Identifier","value":"MC_099.1886s_Shaffers_Map_of_North_Carolina"},{"label":"Digital Format","value":["image/jpg"]},{"label":"URL","value":"http://digitalstatelibnc.cdmhost.com/u?/p15012coll11,272"},{"label":"Hosted By","value":["State Archives of North Carolina"]},{"label":"Repository","value":"State Archives of North Carolina"},{"label":"Type","value":["Image"]},{"label":"Local Call Number","value":"VC.14"},{"label":"Source","value":"Vault Collection. State Archives of North Carolina"},{"label":"Language","value":["English"]},{"label":"Creator","value":["Shaffer, A. Webster."]},{"label":"Date","value":"D:00 M:00 Y:1886"},{"label":"Subject","value":["Wake County (N.C.)--Maps","Railroads","Roads--North Carolina","Education and state--North Carolina","Educational law and legislation--North Carolina","Rivers--North Carolina"]},{"label":"Index Terms","value":"Shaffer, A. Webster."},{"label":"Place","value":["Wake County, North Carolina, United States"]},{"label":"Time Period","value":["(1876-1900) Gilded Age"]},{"label":"Description","value":"In 1886, A. Webster Shaffer published several versions of his New Township Map of North Carolina. These included a large wall map, 40 in. x 75 in., and a fold-out pocket version. The latter is held by the N.C. State Archives. Inside the map’s hard cover, there are several testimonials, including one by Sidney M. Finger, State Superintendent of Public Instruction, saying that Shaver’s school map “should be in every public and private school in the state….” Shaver claimed, probably rightfully, that his was the first township map ever issued in North Carolina. In 1817, North Carolina’s “Father of Common Schools,” Archibald DeBow Murphey, had presented a report to the legislature including the idea that each county be divided into two or more townships, with one or more primary schools in each township. However, the state was not ready for many of Murphey’s ideas at that time. Seven years after Murphy’s death in 1832, the state enacted the first public school act. Under that law, the county courts were to appoint boards of superintendents, who in turn divided the county into districts and appointed district committeemen. The school committees then were to provide school houses and employ teachers as they could. In North Carolina, the Reconstruction Era brought major changes to the concept of school district administration. In compliance with a congressional order, North Carolina had held an election in 1868 to choose delegates to a state constitutional convention. Delegates drew up a document that used the constitution of Ohio as a model for some of its provisions. One of these, calling for the creation of townships, was placed under Article VII of the new constitution and granted \"corporate powers for the necessary purposes of local government.\" Separate from cities, towns, and counties, townships were to operate at local levels under officials charged with levying and collecting taxes and having responsibilities for roads and bridges. Under an act of 1869, the legislature ratified a new school law, providing broadly for public instruction and calling for the election of a school committee for the administration of several schools in each township, also required by the constitution. The Constitution of 1868 came under heavy criticism from the state’s Conservatives. A constitutional convention was called in 1875 and in the following year voters approved a variety of amendments. These included changing Section VII to give the General Assembly power to abolish the form and powers of township and county governments. In general, the townships ceased to operate after 1875 as separate governments, except for their jurisdiction over roads. However, the township divisions survived for a period of time as a geographical convenience. These divisions were used, for example, for voting and tax listing purposes and for administration of the public schools."},{"label":"Digital Characteristics","value":"5 pages"},{"label":"Format","value":["Maps"]},{"label":"Rights","value":"All rights held by the State Archives of NC. Permission to publish must be obtained from the registrar in writing."},{"label":"Source Collections","value":["Wake County Maps. North Carolina County Maps. North Carolina Maps. State Archives of North Carolina"]},{"label":"Subjects-Treasures","value":["Wake County (N.C.)--Maps","Rivers--North Carolina","Administrative and political divisions","Railroads","Roads--North Carolina","Education and state--North Carolina","Educational law and legislation--North Carolina"]}],"description":"Shaffer's New Township Map of North Carolina","sequences":[{"@type":"sc:Sequence","canvases":[{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/ncdcr/iiif/9fa23e2b-1955-4f08-97be-1c5614f921fa/canvas/_1","@type":"sc:Canvas","label":"Shaffer's New Township Map of North Carolina, by A. 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