{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/2/context.json","@type":"sc:Manifest","@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/ncdcr/iiif/50b24bb0-c01c-46c6-90bf-a6d5e4ef03bc/manifest","label":"Tile_Contractors_Licensing_Board","metadata":[{"label":"Title","value":"State Agency Finding Aid: Licensing Board for Tile Contractors, 1943-1957"},{"label":"MARS ID","value":"191"},{"label":"Digital Collections","value":["Legacy Finding Aids Collection"]},{"label":"Identifier","value":"Tile_Contractors_Licensing_Board"},{"label":"Digital Format","value":["application/pdf"]},{"label":"Hosted By","value":["State Archives of North Carolina"]},{"label":"Metadata Creator","value":["Cusick, Aaron"]},{"label":"Type","value":["Text"]},{"label":"Notes Public","value":"If you have questions about this collection, please contact the State Archives of North Carolina at archives@ncdcr.gov."},{"label":"Source","value":"Licensing Board for Tile Contractors Records. State Archives of North Carolina"},{"label":"Language","value":["English"]},{"label":"Description","value":"The brief history of state regulation of tile contractors dates from  1937 with the creation of the North Carolina Licensing Board for Tile Contractors.  The board was composed of five members appointed by the governor.  Board members had to be residents of the state and reputable  tile contractors with at least five years experience in the trade.   Initial appointees served staggered terms of from one to five years.   Beginning in 1938 the governor would fill an expired seat each year  with a five-year appointment.  Board members were required to qualify  for office with a written oath.  The board was to elect a president,  vice-president, and secretary-treasurer; prescribe rules, regulations, and bylaws for its own governance and for the examination of  applicants; and adopt an official seal.  Regular meetings were to be  held at least twice a year.  The secretary-treasurer was instructed to  keep a record of board proceedings, licenses issued, and all financial transactions, and to submit an annual report to the governor.  The enabling statute defined a tile contractor as \"any person, firm,  or corporation who for profit undertakes to lay, set, or install  ceramic floor and wall tiling in buildings for private or public use.\"   Anyone intending to engage in such occupations, except in state-owned  colleges, hospitals, and other institutions, had to apply in writing  to the board for a license.  Upon passing the practical examination  designed by the board and paying a licensure fee, a tile contractor  would be registered and issued a certificate, which had to be renewed annually for another fee.  Any contractor already established in business could simply file an affidavit with the board, pay the application fee, and receive a license without examination.  The board was empowered to revoke or suspend a license obtained by fraud or deceit, or in proven cases of gross negligence or incompetence.   Before the board could act in such matters, the licensee was to be permitted a public hearing, with the right to appeal any decision to superior court.  Violations of the statute, including practicing without  a license, using an expired license, or willful misrepresentations  before the board, were declared misdemeanors, punishable by fine,  imprisonment, or both.  The law also included a partial invalidity clause, which declared that should any section of the statute be found invalid by a court, the remainder of the act would be unaffected.  In 1941 the enabling statute was significantly amended.  In  apparent justification for the continued existence of the board, the phrase \"in order to protect the health and safety of the people\" was  inserted as a preamble.  The installation of marble and terrazzo were  included in a revised definition of the trade.  The amendment also  established minimum qualifications for applicants: U.S. citizenship or  declaration of intent, at least two years experience in the profession, and a demonstrated knowledge and ability to select and install the   proper material for a specific job.  A final amendment excluded jobs of  less than $150 in labor and material from the provisions of the statute.  The General Assembly in 1947 by resolution empowered and directed the  governor to appoint a legislative commission to investigate  state examining boards, including the Licensing Board for Tile Contractors.   The commission was to examine the books and records of the boards and to hear testimony to determine the public necessity of each.  The commission was particularly directed to consider whether the powers of  the boards had been used to suppress competition or to promote  self-interests of board members.  Governor R. Gregg Cherry appointed a  five-member commission, chaired by Representative George R. Uzzell.   In December 1947 the Uzzell commission heard testimony concerning the  Licensing Board for Tile Contractors and apparently concluded that the  board as constituted operated in the public interest, as no further  amendment to the enabling legislation was passed during subsequent  sessions of the assembly.  In 1957 the state Supreme Court heard a challenge to state  regulation of tile contractors.  In its decision in the case of Roller  v. Allen, the court declared unconstitutional the act creating the   board, as it represented \"an unwarranted interference with the fundamental right to engage in an ordinary and innocuous occupation.\"  Despite the 1941 preamble to the law and the ramifications for health  standards in the tiling of public restroom facilities, the court ruled  that \"the statute cannot be upheld as an exercise of the police power,  since its provisions have no substantial relation to the public health,  safety, or welfare but tend to create a monopoly.\"  On the instructions   of the attorney general, the board brought its affairs to a conclusion,  returning license renewal fees for 1957 to contractors and donating  excess funds to the University of North Carolina for the use of the  ceramic engineering department at North Carolina State College.  The board ceased to function in 1957, but the enabling legislation  remained in the general statutes for another twenty years.  Finally, in 1977, the assembly repealed the article, effective 4 April  Even   then, the ghost of the board lingered on.  When the Governmental  Evaluation Commission was created in June 1977 to investigate state  regulatory agencies, the Licensing Board for Tile Contractors was  among those scheduled for termination unless specifically revived by  the legislature.  The commission found that there was no demonstrated  public necessity for state regulation of tile contractors and recommended that neither the function nor the agency be reestablished.  REFERENCES:  P.L., 1937, c. 86.  P.L., 1941, c. 219.  S.L., 1947, Resolution 31.  S.L., 1957, c. 1041, s. 6.  S.L., 1977, c. 143; c. 712, s. 2.  G.S. 87-28 through 87-38 [1975].  North Carolina Governmental Evaluation Commission.  GOVERNMENTAL   EVALUATION COMMISSION REPORT ON TILE CONTRACTORS.  Raleigh, 1979.  ROLLER V. ALLEN.  NORTH CAROLINA REPORTS 245 (1957): 516."},{"label":"Digital Characteristics","value":"2 pages"},{"label":"Format","value":["Finding aids"]},{"label":"Rights","value":"This item is provided courtesy of the State Archives of North Carolina and is a public record according to G.S.132."},{"label":"Source Collections","value":["Licensing Board for Tile Contractors Records. State Archives of North Carolina"]}],"description":"State Agency Finding Aid: Licensing Board for Tile Contractors, 1943-1957","sequences":[{"@type":"sc:Sequence","canvases":[{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/ncdcr/iiif/50b24bb0-c01c-46c6-90bf-a6d5e4ef03bc/canvas/_1","@type":"sc:Canvas","label":"Tile_Contractors_Licensing_Board-1","height":1685,"width":1269,"images":[{"@type":"oa:Annotation","motivation":"sc:painting","resource":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/ncdcr/iiif/4eaf94e1-a61c-4bd8-a29a-57ff3bb136c8/full/full/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","service":{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/ncdcr/iiif/4eaf94e1-a61c-4bd8-a29a-57ff3bb136c8","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json","tiles":[{"width":512,"scaleFactors":[1,2,4]}]},"height":1685,"width":1269},"on":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/ncdcr/iiif/50b24bb0-c01c-46c6-90bf-a6d5e4ef03bc/canvas/_1","metadata":[]}],"thumbnail":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/ncdcr/iiif/4eaf94e1-a61c-4bd8-a29a-57ff3bb136c8/full/500,500/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","height":500,"width":500}},{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/ncdcr/iiif/50b24bb0-c01c-46c6-90bf-a6d5e4ef03bc/canvas/_2","@type":"sc:Canvas","label":"Tile_Contractors_Licensing_Board-2","height":1687,"width":1251,"images":[{"@type":"oa:Annotation","motivation":"sc:painting","resource":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/ncdcr/iiif/ec11a040-f2fe-43c5-b52e-6a092d3d0819/full/full/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","service":{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/ncdcr/iiif/ec11a040-f2fe-43c5-b52e-6a092d3d0819","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json"},"height":1687,"width":1251},"on":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/ncdcr/iiif/50b24bb0-c01c-46c6-90bf-a6d5e4ef03bc/canvas/_2","metadata":[]}],"thumbnail":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/ncdcr/iiif/ec11a040-f2fe-43c5-b52e-6a092d3d0819/full/500,500/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","height":500,"width":500}}]}],"thumbnail":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/ncdcr/iiif/4eaf94e1-a61c-4bd8-a29a-57ff3bb136c8/full/300,300/0/default.jpg","logo":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/ncdcr/iiif/logo"}