{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/2/context.json","@type":"sc:Manifest","@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/ncdcr/iiif/26fc5ec0-083c-4f95-95de-de1aa7b21d42/manifest","label":"Morgan_Farm_Book_PC1911_Final","metadata":[{"label":"Title","value":"Morgan Farm Book , 1882-1900"},{"label":"MARS ID","value":"5276"},{"label":"Digital Collections","value":["Legacy Finding Aids Collection"]},{"label":"Identifier","value":"Morgan_Farm_Book_PC1911_Final"},{"label":"Digital Format","value":["application/pdf"]},{"label":"Hosted By","value":["State Archives of North Carolina"]},{"label":"Metadata Creator","value":["Cusick, Aaron"]},{"label":"Type","value":["Text"]},{"label":"Notes Public","value":"If you have questions about this collection, please contact the State Archives of North Carolina at archives@ncdcr.gov."},{"label":"Local Call Number","value":"PC.1911"},{"label":"Source","value":"Morgan Farm Book . Private Collections. State Archives of North Carolina"},{"label":"Language","value":["English"]},{"label":"Description","value":"Originally owned by Irvin Finch, the Morgan Farm of 590 acres in Nash County, was bequeathed to his daughter, Ferebee L. Morgan (1860-1929), at his death in 1880. Disabled in his later years, Finch had already placed operation of the farm in the hands of son-in-law, George Washington Morgan (1851-1923). The volume in this collection covers the years from 1882 to 1900, and is primarily a ledger of accounts for tenants/sharecroppers and farm laborers. Other memoranda relating to the farm and its produce, or to Morgan's family, have been entered into the volume in different places as space allowed. At the rear of the volume (pages 334 and 335) is a record of the slaves that had belonged to Irvin Finch with the years of their births noted from 1805 to 1864, and the fact of death is entered for those who were dead when the record was transcribed into the volume. Subsequent deaths of some of the former slaves are entered from 1897 to 1924. The ten loose items in the collection are primarily photocopies and are described below.    In 1877 George Washington Morgan (1851-1923) married Ferebee Lafayette Finch (1860-1929), daughter of Irvin Finch, one of the principal farmers in Bailey Township, southern Nash County. Mr. Finch's farm included 250 acres of cleared fields and meadowland and 1,460 acres of woodland. Disabled to farm himself in his later years, the farm was run by his son-in�law, Morgan. Upon his death in 1880 the home farm of 590 acres was bequeathed to his daughter, Ferebee L. Morgan, other tracts of the former Finch farm going to his two sons.    Probably a series of farm journals or farm ledgers reflecting the operation of the farm were kept. The ledger of accounts in this collection may be representative of others that have not survived, or that have been scattered. The present volume covers the years from 1882 to 1900, and is primarily a ledger of accounts for tenants/sharecroppers and farm laborers. Other memoranda relating to the farm and its produce, or to Morgan's family, have been entered into the volume in different places as space allowed.    Memoranda relating to the farm and its produce include accounts of expenses for maintenance of farm buildings such as the dwelling house, a shed, a wagon shelter, chimney repairs or replacements, a picket fence for the house yard, and so forth. These memoranda include expenses both for lumber and for labor. Some of the memoranda relate to the construction in 1885 of Mount Pleasant Academy on land adjacent to the northern boundary of the farm, and to the dates during which the Morgan children attended the school in 1886, 1890, 1895, and 1898. Other memoranda report the annual sales of wheat, cotton, and tobacco crops produced by the farm and by share�cropping tenants, while others account for annual purchases of guano and fertilizer. At the rear of the volume (pages 334 and 335) is a record of the slaves that had belonged to Irvin Finch with the years of their births noted from 1805 to 1864, and the fact of death is entered for those who were dead when the record was transcribed into the volume. Subsequent deaths of some of the former slaves are entered from 1897 to 1924.    Except for a single instance, the accounts of tenants/sharecroppers do not specify any of the terms of their tenure with the landowner, but nearly all of them show the landowner furnishing the tenant with guano, fertilizer, seed, and staples. Some of the sharecroppers have a fluctuating status, sometimes appearing as sharecroppers and sometimes as farm laborers hired at a monthly or annual wage. Two or three of them appear to have been freedmen born as slaves on the farm, while others may or may not have been descendants of the farm's freedmen. The agreement with laborers made no provision for holidays or any day off from work except Sunday. Those who chose to attend weekday community, religious, or political meetings, or to go to picnics, funerals, or elections, or take time off to plant or cultivate their gardens took time off without pay. The only holiday that appears in the laborers accounts is Christmas (which, too, was a day without pay).     Some laborers observed Christmas on December 25th; others continued to observe Christmas on the anniversary on which December 25th would have fallen had the eleven days not been dropped from the calendar in the reform of 1752---�that is, on what is now termed January 5th; some few observed both December 25th and January 5th as Christmas.  The rate of pay for the laborers varied from laborer to laborer. Differences in the monthly rate of pay might have included such variables as ability, nature of the work performed, daily hours worked, sex of the laborer, or prevailing condition of the economy. Women appear to have been paid from $2.50 to $3.50 a month, while male laborers might have got as much as $12.00 a month or as little as $6.50 a month.  In addition to staple goods furnished both sharecroppers and laborers, such as salt meat and herrings, butter, flour, potatoes, molasses, and corn, the accounts include clothing goods such as pants cloth, sole leather, shoe pegs, shoes, overcoats, and straw hats. Occasionally household and kitchen furnishings appear in the accounts: bedstead and mattress, loom, pot and hooks, spider, and kettle. The only luxury items in the accounts are snuff and tobacco, or occasional loans to buy liquor elsewhere.  The ledger includes several pages of accounts, beginning at page 256, for William Anderson (c. 1860-c.1945), an African-American laborer with a widespread reputa�tion as a \"root doctor\" or obeah man. The ledger shows that he worked during the first months of 1895 at $5.00 a month, which may suggest that he worked only part days, for by the second week in May he went onto a $7.00 per month status. Anderson was one of those who observed the anni�versary of December 25th on January 5th (\"Old Christmas\") in defiance of of the calendar reform of 1752. In addition to Anderson's accounts in the ledger, the collection includes a brief sketch of him; a xerox copy with typed transcription of a letter written by him to the owner of the farm, Millard F. Morgan, after the death of George W. Morgan at the beginning of 1923 expressing his wish to continue on the farm; and the original and a typescript of a letter written to Anderson by a Brooklyn, N.Y., client in the 1930s.    The collection includes a digitized image of a photograph of Mount Pleasant Academy, a typed description of its interior arrangement, and a xerox copy of a 1906 statement of charges for the tuition at the academy of some of the Morgan children.    Xerox copies of three 1898 political campaign tickets for the election of state and local officials issued by the People's Party and the Republican Party complete the collection."},{"label":"Digital Characteristics","value":"4 pages"},{"label":"Format","value":["Finding aids"]},{"label":"Rights","value":"The SA of NC considers this item in the public domain by U.S. law but responsibility for permissions rests with researchers."},{"label":"Source Collections","value":["Morgan Farm Book . Private Collections. 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