{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/2/context.json","@type":"sc:Manifest","@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/gettysburg/iiif/ea51c04e-e2a4-47b4-b945-3dec06c0f1c5/manifest","label":"gaa_pair-of-small-wine-cups_180_180-181","metadata":[{"label":"Identifier","value":"gaa_pair-of-small-wine-cups_180_180-181"},{"label":"Citation","value":"Object Name, Date Original (if known), GettDigital: Asian Art Collection, Special Collections / Musselman Library, Gettysburg College, Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, Access Date, Link to Item"},{"label":"Repository","value":"Special Collections and College Archives, Musselman Library, Gettysburg College"},{"label":"Inventory Number","value":"180, 181"},{"label":"Part of","value":["Asian Art GettDigital Collection"]},{"label":"Provenance","value":"The Estate of Prof. Frank Kramer; purchased from Dr. Chao Ming Chen"},{"label":"Genre","value":["Artifacts"]},{"label":"Object Location","value":"11.F.3"},{"label":"Date","value":"D:00 M:00 Y:1850 - D:00 M:00 Y:1900"},{"label":"Date Original","value":"Late 19th century"},{"label":"Era","value":["Qing dynasty"]},{"label":"Measurement","value":"Height: 4.4 cm; Diameter at mouth  6.3 cm (approximate); Original black wood stand"},{"label":"Medium","value":["Porcelain, famille rose decoration, wood","Porcelain"]},{"label":"Country of Origin","value":["China"]},{"label":"Description","value":"This pair of small wine cups has a wide open mouth and a false footring. They are primarily decorated with famille rose* designs of rouge red (yang hong or foreign red) plum blossoms on a white ground. Leaf patterns surround the plum tree on the bottom. The plum blossom, one of sui han san you (Three Friends of Winter, namely pine, bamboo and plum, which still keep their integrity when all other plants wither and their leaves fall), is important to the Chinese as a symbol of longevity and good fortune. On the bottom of the false footring there is a reign mark yong zheng yu zhi (Made by Imperial Commission in the Yongzheng reign [of the Qing dynasty]; 1723-1735) in standard script and overglaze blue within a double frame. However, this pair of wine cups is not Yongzheng products. First of all, when taking a close view of the glaze surface, it does not exhibit 'orange-peel' patterns (ju pi wen) that typically appear on the Yongzheng vessels. Second, the four-character reign mark Yongzheng yu zhi was inscribed exclusively on vessels with enamel decorations (fa lang cai) during the Yongzheng period. This is because those vessels with enamel decorations were produced under special procedures by Imperial Commission. They were sent to the Enamel Workshop (fa lang zuo) under the Manufacturing Department of the Imperial Household Office(qing gong nei wu fu) in the Forbidden City (zi jin cheng) after their fine porcelain bodies were fired in the Jingdezhen kilns. However, these two wine cups are not decorated with enamel designs but famille rose designs. The latter is under the direct influence of the former. The Yongzheng famille rose vessels usually bear six-character reign mark \" da qing yongzheng nian zhi (Made during the Yongzheng reign of the Great Qing) in standard script and two columns. Therefore, this pair of wine cups were copied for export. * Famille rose (fen cai) refers to a palette developed in the same basis of the famille verte palette (kang xi wu cai) of the Kangxi reign of the Qing dynasty and which was under the direct influence of the enamel decoration ware. In the last years of the Kangxi reign, foreign rouge-red enamel was used to color flower petals. This started the trend toward a new palette (known in the West as famille rose) during the succeeding Yongzheng and Qianlong reigns. The famille rose is characteristically used in this way: glassy white (bo li bai) in which an opaque white enamel (lead arsenate) is employed as the base for coloring garments or flower petals; also, rue oil is used as the drying oil in mixing some pigments. Many enamels of the palette include certain imported materials, such foreign red, foreign yellow, foreign green, and foreign white. Compared with the famille verte, the new palette fires at a lower temperature and has a wider color range. It also appears softer and gentler, hence its other name 'soft colors' (ruan cai). During the Yongzheng reign, famille rose wares reached their zenith, replacing the famille verte of the Kangxi reign and becoming the dominate palette in overglaze decoration. The decoration was painted not only on a white background, but also on such colored backgrounds as coral, red, light green, caramel, black, etc. During the Qianlong reign, new techniques continued to develop. As a departure from the earlier simple washing method, flower petals in rouge red were outlined. More colors began to appear as the background. The designs also grew increasingly complex, especially in the case of wares with a red or green phoenix tail design as the background (feng wei wen), which was fashionable in the late Qianlong and early Jiaqing period. As this new decorative technique used many imported materials, and it method of mixing pigments was also 'foreign', it acquired the name 'foreign colors' (yang cai) in the Qianlong reign."},{"label":"Title","value":"Pair of small wine cups"},{"label":"Rights","value":"Materials available through GettDigital encompass a wide range of works, many of which are in the public domain. However, some items may still be protected by copyright or other intellectual property rights. Users are responsible for determining the copyright status of materials and ensuring compliance with all applicable laws when reproducing or publishing these works. Items in our GettDigital Collections are for educational use. For assistance in understanding rights, obtaining permissions, or requesting files for publication or research purposes, please contact us at <a href=\"www.gettysburg.edu/special-collections/ask-an-archivist\">www.gettysburg.edu/special-collections/ask-an-archivist</a>"},{"label":"Reference URL","value":"http://cdm16274.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p4016coll6/id/2207"}],"description":"Pair of small wine cups","sequences":[{"@type":"sc:Sequence","canvases":[{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/gettysburg/iiif/ea51c04e-e2a4-47b4-b945-3dec06c0f1c5/canvas/_1","@type":"sc:Canvas","label":"gaa_pair-of-small-wine-cups_2205","height":1700,"width":2000,"images":[{"@type":"oa:Annotation","motivation":"sc:painting","resource":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/gettysburg/iiif/131effd9-317c-41e5-8c88-78b9ab53ef34/full/full/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","service":{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/gettysburg/iiif/131effd9-317c-41e5-8c88-78b9ab53ef34","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json","tiles":[{"width":512,"scaleFactors":[1,2,4]}]},"height":1700,"width":2000},"on":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/gettysburg/iiif/ea51c04e-e2a4-47b4-b945-3dec06c0f1c5/canvas/_1","metadata":[{"label":"Identifier","value":"gaa_pair-of-small-wine-cups_2205"},{"label":"Title","value":"Front"},{"label":"Reference URL","value":"http://cdm16274.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p4016coll6/id/2205"}]}],"thumbnail":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/gettysburg/iiif/131effd9-317c-41e5-8c88-78b9ab53ef34/full/500,500/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","height":500,"width":500}},{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/gettysburg/iiif/ea51c04e-e2a4-47b4-b945-3dec06c0f1c5/canvas/_2","@type":"sc:Canvas","label":"gaa_pair-of-small-wine-cups_2206","height":1740,"width":2000,"images":[{"@type":"oa:Annotation","motivation":"sc:painting","resource":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/gettysburg/iiif/3d5952d6-43af-4caa-b0ee-42f823102f9b/full/full/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","service":{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/gettysburg/iiif/3d5952d6-43af-4caa-b0ee-42f823102f9b","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json"},"height":1740,"width":2000},"on":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/gettysburg/iiif/ea51c04e-e2a4-47b4-b945-3dec06c0f1c5/canvas/_2","metadata":[{"label":"Identifier","value":"gaa_pair-of-small-wine-cups_2206"},{"label":"Title","value":"Back"},{"label":"Reference URL","value":"http://cdm16274.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p4016coll6/id/2206"}]}],"thumbnail":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/gettysburg/iiif/3d5952d6-43af-4caa-b0ee-42f823102f9b/full/500,500/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","height":500,"width":500}}]}],"thumbnail":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/gettysburg/iiif/131effd9-317c-41e5-8c88-78b9ab53ef34/full/300,300/0/default.jpg","logo":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/gettysburg/iiif/logo"}