{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/2/context.json","@type":"sc:Manifest","@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/gettysburg/iiif/e68a731b-991b-4b0b-a3c0-b50182df7f13/manifest","label":"gaa_large-general-s-helmet-jar-jiang-jun-guan_e32_e32","metadata":[{"label":"Identifier","value":"gaa_large-general-s-helmet-jar-jiang-jun-guan_e32_e32"},{"label":"Citation","value":"Object Name, Date Original (if known), GettDigital: Asian Art Collection, Special Collections / Musselman Library, Gettysburg College, Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, Access Date, Link to Item"},{"label":"Repository","value":"Special Collections and College Archives, Musselman Library, Gettysburg College"},{"label":"Inventory Number","value":"E32"},{"label":"Part of","value":["Asian Art GettDigital Collection"]},{"label":"Provenance","value":"A note from Dr. Kramer's folder \"Oriental Art-Inventory, n. d. (copy 1)\" (in Kramer's Box 4, file 17), refers to this item as \"Porcelain vase with lid, 13\" tall, white with ladies and flowers. Pink shoulder and lid. \""},{"label":"Genre","value":["Artifacts"]},{"label":"Object Location","value":"CG.4"},{"label":"Date","value":"D:00 M:00 Y:1875 - D:00 M:00 Y:1925"},{"label":"Date Original","value":"Late 19th-early 20th century CE"},{"label":"Era","value":["Qing dynasty"]},{"label":"Measurement","value":"Height: 33.0 cm; Diameter at mouth 10.9 cm; Original black wood stand"},{"label":"Medium","value":["Porcelain, famille rose, white glaze, wood","Porcelain"]},{"label":"Country of Origin","value":["China"]},{"label":"Description","value":"This large general's helmet jar (jiang jun guan) has a partially gilt pearl-shaped finial on top of the cover, a short and straight neck, slanting shoulders, a bulging body that tapers to the bottom and a splayed foot. The jar is named for its cover which, with its pearl-shaped finial, resembles an army general's helmet. This type of jar was first seen in the Jiajing (1522-1566) and Wanli (1573-1620) reigns of the Ming dynasty. It became very popular in the Kangxi reign of the Qing dynasty (1662-1722). The exterior is adorned with famille rose* decoration in various colors on a white background. The outside of the cover depicts two stylish reserved panels of Chinese knots (one of the Eight Buddhist Emblems ba ji xiang*) on a light green background against connected chrysanthemum scrolls on a pink background. The chrysanthemum is a symbol of autumn and of fortitude; it blossoms in the fall despite \"the onslaught of frost and icy winds.\" It is also known as the hermit of flowers because of the association with Tao Qian (style name yuanming), a fourth-century poet-recluse who resigned his official post and retired to his small farm to write poetry. A number of his poems are about the chrysanthemum. Both the wide rim of the cover and the neck are decorated with a band of continuous, stylized floral patterns alternated with yellow dots. Around the shoulders are four similar reserved panels of Chinese knots and umbrellas (also one of the Eight Buddhist Emblems) on a light green background as well as designs of what seem to be orchard orioles perched on continuous chrysanthemum scrolls against a pink background. Four evenly spaced butterflies among peonies and pomegranate flowers are below them, separated by double bowstring circles. The butterfly, considered also a bird in China, is a symbol of conjugal bliss, joy and summer. When a butterfly is represented approaching a peony as exemplified here, it indicates a young man and the woman he loves. The pomegranate is a symbol of fertility and numerous progeny and in this sense commonly appeared on betrothal gifts. The bulging belly primarily contains two scenes of a lady and her servant standing in front of a crab apple tree, peony trees and grotesque rocks on both sides. The figures' position appears slightly different on each side. The lady, probably a representation of a young man's lover, seems to hold a branch with several leaves in her raised hand. Her servant is in a humble bowing pose. Between the two theatrical scenes are two double-handled vases with lotuses, lotus leaves, and other flowers inserted. The lotus, namely hehua or lianhua in Chinese, is commonly adopted to symbolize marriage because he is a pun for 'harmony (he),'while lian is a pun for 'continuous or lasting (lian).' The lotus is one of the few flowers whose seedpod is already present when the flower begins to bloom. To the Chinese, this excellent omen predicts the early arrival of sons. On the bottom of the belly is a band of plantain leaf designs. In summary, the complex iconography on this general's helmet jar may convey blessings for a good and lasting marriage. The interior of this vessel and the bottom of the foot are glazed in white and plainly adorned. The inside wide rim of the cover and the bottom rim of the foot are unglazed, exposing the white body. The shape of this general's helmet jar is patterned after the Kangxi model; however, this piece was not made during the Kangxi period. As a matter of fact, the lady and her servant depicted on this vase here are typical female representations of the late Qing period. Figures of this period are depicted with an egg-shaped face, willow leaf-shaped eye brows, and a cherry-shaped bright red mouth. These features were standards of a beauty at that time. Therefore, this piece may have been made during the late Qing dynasty, approximately from late 19th century to the early 20th century. * Famille rose (fen cai) refers to a palette developed in the same basis of the famille verte palette (kang xi wu cai) of the Kangxi reign of the Qing dynasty and which was under the direct influence of the enamel decoration ware. In the last years of the Kangxi reign, foreign rouge-red enamel was used to color flower petals. This started the trend toward a new palette (known in the West as famille rose) during the succeeding Yongzheng and Qianlong reigns. The famille rose is characteristically used in this way: glassy white (bo li bai) in which an opaque white enamel (lead arsenate) is employed as the base for coloring garments or flower petals; also, rue oil is used as the drying oil in mixing some pigments. Many enamels of the palette include certain imported materials, such foreign red, foreign yellow, foreign green, and foreign white. Compared with the famille verte, the new palette fires at a lower temperature and has a wider color range. It also appears softer and gentler, hence its other name 'soft colors' (ruan cai). During the Yongzheng reign, famille rose wares reached their zenith, replacing the famille verte of the Kangxi reign and becoming the dominate palette in overglaze decoration. The decoration was painted not only on a white background, but also on such colored backgrounds as coral, red, light green, caramel, black, etc. During the Qianlong reign, new techniques continued to develop. As a departure from the earlier simple washing method, flower petals in rouge red were outlined. More colors began to appear as the background. The designs also grew increasingly complex, especially in the case of wares with a red or green phoenix tail design as the background (feng wei wen), which was fashionable in the late Qianlong and early Jiaqing period. As this new decorative technique used many imported materials, and it method of mixing pigments was also 'foreign', it acquired the name 'foreign colors' (yang cai) in the Qianlong reign. * The Eight Buddhist Emblems consist of the wheel, the conch, the canopy, the umbrella, the lotus flower, the vase, the fish, and the knot (sometimes one of these is replaced by the flaming pearl). Often, each of the emblems is combined with a lotus spray to form a design. They were introduced from the Tibetan Lamaist art in the Yuan dynasty and were popular decorative elements during the Ming and Qing. These emblems were impressed on Yuan Jingdezhen egg-white wares and Longqun celadons, and also on Ming sweet white wares of the Yongle reign. From the Xuande reign on, they were painted in an underglaze blue, in the five-color (wu cai) palette, in the contasting color (dou cai) technique and in yellow decoration on a green ground. During the Qianlong and Jiaqing reigns of the Qing dynasty, this design was painted in the famille rose palette and enamel decoration. The arrangement of the emblems had been random before the Yongle reign, when the order of the wheel, the conch, the canopy, the umbrella, the lotus flower, the fish, the vase, and the knot was established. During the Wanli reign to the Qing dynasty, the established order was the wheel, followed by the conch, the umbrella, the canopy, the lotus flower, the vase, the fish, and the knot. After the Qianlong reign, this order was not followed on some vessels. Wares with this design were all produced in Jingdezhen except for some fa hua glazed wares."},{"label":"Title","value":"Large general's helmet jar (jiang jun guan)"},{"label":"Rights","value":"Materials available through GettDigital encompass a wide range of works, many of which are in the public domain. However, some items may still be protected by copyright or other intellectual property rights. Users are responsible for determining the copyright status of materials and ensuring compliance with all applicable laws when reproducing or publishing these works. Items in our GettDigital Collections are for educational use. For assistance in understanding rights, obtaining permissions, or requesting files for publication or research purposes, please contact us at <a href=\"www.gettysburg.edu/special-collections/ask-an-archivist\">www.gettysburg.edu/special-collections/ask-an-archivist</a>"},{"label":"Reference URL","value":"http://cdm16274.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p4016coll6/id/2184"}],"description":"Large general's helmet jar (jiang jun guan)","sequences":[{"@type":"sc:Sequence","canvases":[{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/gettysburg/iiif/e68a731b-991b-4b0b-a3c0-b50182df7f13/canvas/_1","@type":"sc:Canvas","label":"gaa_e32bk","height":2932,"width":1640,"images":[{"@type":"oa:Annotation","motivation":"sc:painting","resource":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/gettysburg/iiif/f95d3f3a-e9d9-4dc4-ab5c-e9b37e1f614b/full/full/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","service":{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/gettysburg/iiif/f95d3f3a-e9d9-4dc4-ab5c-e9b37e1f614b","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json","tiles":[{"width":1024,"scaleFactors":[1,2,4]}]},"height":2932,"width":1640},"on":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/gettysburg/iiif/e68a731b-991b-4b0b-a3c0-b50182df7f13/canvas/_1","metadata":[{"label":"Identifier","value":"gaa_e32bk"},{"label":"Title","value":"Back"},{"label":"Reference URL","value":"http://cdm16274.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p4016coll6/id/2183"}]}],"thumbnail":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/gettysburg/iiif/f95d3f3a-e9d9-4dc4-ab5c-e9b37e1f614b/full/500,500/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","height":500,"width":500}},{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/gettysburg/iiif/e68a731b-991b-4b0b-a3c0-b50182df7f13/canvas/_2","@type":"sc:Canvas","label":"gaa_e32fr","height":2924,"width":1664,"images":[{"@type":"oa:Annotation","motivation":"sc:painting","resource":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/gettysburg/iiif/04bd5d6b-9a45-4f4c-a4ec-99f6587ca938/full/full/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","service":{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/gettysburg/iiif/04bd5d6b-9a45-4f4c-a4ec-99f6587ca938","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json","tiles":[{"width":1024,"scaleFactors":[1,2,4]}]},"height":2924,"width":1664},"on":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/gettysburg/iiif/e68a731b-991b-4b0b-a3c0-b50182df7f13/canvas/_2","metadata":[{"label":"Identifier","value":"gaa_e32fr"},{"label":"Title","value":"Front"},{"label":"Reference URL","value":"http://cdm16274.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p4016coll6/id/2182"}]}],"thumbnail":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/gettysburg/iiif/04bd5d6b-9a45-4f4c-a4ec-99f6587ca938/full/500,500/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","height":500,"width":500}}]}],"thumbnail":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/gettysburg/iiif/f95d3f3a-e9d9-4dc4-ab5c-e9b37e1f614b/full/300,300/0/default.jpg","logo":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/gettysburg/iiif/logo"}