{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/2/context.json","@type":"sc:Manifest","@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/gettysburg/iiif/dff16a84-2c8b-419a-8636-c15432df14a1/manifest","label":"gaa_miniature-yongzhong-bronze-bell_976_976","metadata":[{"label":"Identifier","value":"gaa_miniature-yongzhong-bronze-bell_976_976"},{"label":"Citation","value":"Object Name, Date Original (if known), GettDigital: Asian Art Collection, Special Collections / Musselman Library, Gettysburg College, Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, Access Date, Link to Item"},{"label":"Repository","value":"Special Collections and College Archives, Musselman Library, Gettysburg College"},{"label":"Inventory Number","value":"976"},{"label":"Part of","value":["Asian Art GettDigital Collection"]},{"label":"Provenance","value":"The Estate of Prof. Frank Kramer"},{"label":"Genre","value":["Artifacts"]},{"label":"Object Location","value":"M.10"},{"label":"Date","value":"D:00 M:00 Y:1800 - D:00 M:00 Y:2000"},{"label":"Date Original","value":"19th-20th century CE"},{"label":"Era","value":["Qing dynasty"]},{"label":"Measurement","value":"Height: 6 cm; Width of mouth 3.8 cm; Original wood stand"},{"label":"Medium","value":["Bronze","Metal"]},{"label":"Country of Origin","value":["China"]},{"label":"Description","value":"Music was a central element to the political culture and an essential component of ritual ceremonies during the Chinese Bronze Age. They were used, along with stone chimes, as the main musical instruments for these important events. Sets of bells were an important aspect of the bronze production during the Shang and Zhou periods.* While a full-fledged analysis on Yongzhong bronze bells would be impossible within the context of this report, this miniature Yongzhong may provide some rudimentary information on the physical appearance and function of ancient Chinese musical instruments. This is a small Yongzhong bell, part of the zhong family. Like most musical bells, its shape is angular. It has a small suspension ring affixed to the shank (or shaft). Its elliptical cross section, not spherical, gives two defined faces; each has two symmetrical groups of nine circular Mei-bosses in the form of spikes. These bosses derive from the protruding eyes of earlier taotie masks that dominate earlier bronze vessels. They are separated by two horizontal enclosing ridges decorated with a meandering pattern. On each side of the body, there is a vertical, rectangular panel as a locus of obscure inscription written in oracle bone script that bisects these two groups of bosses, nine on each side. Later, from the 18th century A.D., bell casters of the Yongzhong in Southern China no longer bothered to adorn both sides of the bell; the design generally carried simpler decorations. Individual miniature bells like this Yongzhong often may have been an important item for the enthusiastic art collector. * The musical bells of the Chinese Bronze Age were manufactured as chimed sets. They are similar in overall shape. The ancient clapperless bells, which were sounded with mallets, are members of the zhong family. The principal classes of musical bells are: - Nao are mounted with the mouth upward, a large tubular shank, and usually arched rims; nao are rarely with level rims. - Yongzhong are recognized by their small suspension ring or loop affixed to the shank. From this ring yongzhong are suspended obliquely, downward, tilted slightly towards the player. All of them have arched rims. - Niuzhong are identical in body shape to yongzhong, but suspended vertically from simple loops of an inverted U shape. - Bo are similar to niuzhong and suspended vertically. Their suspension devices however, are usually elaborate and often the locus of sculptural decoration. They are distinguished by level rims. In contrast to the first three classes, which are characterized by straight sides that taper toward the head, many bo have a slightly convex profile. While noa, bo, and niuzhong, suspended vertically, could be struck from either side, yongzhong could be played from only one side; the side bearing the suspension loop."},{"label":"Title","value":"Miniature Yongzhong bronze bell"},{"label":"Rights","value":"Materials available through GettDigital encompass a wide range of works, many of which are in the public domain. However, some items may still be protected by copyright or other intellectual property rights. Users are responsible for determining the copyright status of materials and ensuring compliance with all applicable laws when reproducing or publishing these works. Items in our GettDigital Collections are for educational use. For assistance in understanding rights, obtaining permissions, or requesting files for publication or research purposes, please contact us at <a href=\"www.gettysburg.edu/special-collections/ask-an-archivist\">www.gettysburg.edu/special-collections/ask-an-archivist</a>"},{"label":"Reference URL","value":"http://cdm16274.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p4016coll6/id/1941"}],"description":"Miniature Yongzhong bronze bell","sequences":[{"@type":"sc:Sequence","canvases":[{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/gettysburg/iiif/dff16a84-2c8b-419a-8636-c15432df14a1/canvas/_1","@type":"sc:Canvas","label":"Miniature Yongzhong bronze bell","height":1348,"width":904,"images":[{"@type":"oa:Annotation","motivation":"sc:painting","resource":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/gettysburg/iiif/dff16a84-2c8b-419a-8636-c15432df14a1/full/full/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","service":{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/gettysburg/iiif/dff16a84-2c8b-419a-8636-c15432df14a1","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json","tiles":[{"width":512,"scaleFactors":[1,2,4]}]},"height":1348,"width":904},"on":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/gettysburg/iiif/dff16a84-2c8b-419a-8636-c15432df14a1/canvas/_1","metadata":[]}],"thumbnail":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/gettysburg/iiif/dff16a84-2c8b-419a-8636-c15432df14a1/full/500,500/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","height":500,"width":500}}]}],"thumbnail":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/gettysburg/iiif/dff16a84-2c8b-419a-8636-c15432df14a1/full/500,500/0/default.jpg","logo":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/gettysburg/iiif/logo"}