{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/2/context.json","@type":"sc:Manifest","@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/gettysburg/iiif/55eaa16a-a638-421d-bebf-ffd547dbf9e8/manifest","label":"gaa_ge-type-gray-glazed-bo-bowl_619","metadata":[{"label":"Identifier","value":"gaa_ge-type-gray-glazed-bo-bowl_619"},{"label":"Citation","value":"Object Name, Date Original (if known), GettDigital: Asian Art Collection, Special Collections / Musselman Library, Gettysburg College, Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, Access Date, Link to Item"},{"label":"Repository","value":"Special Collections and College Archives, Musselman Library, Gettysburg College"},{"label":"Inventory Number","value":"619"},{"label":"Part of","value":["Asian Art GettDigital Collection"]},{"label":"Provenance","value":"The Estate of Prof. Frank Kramer"},{"label":"Genre","value":["Artifacts"]},{"label":"Object Location","value":"C.12"},{"label":"Date","value":"D:00 M:00 Y:1875 - D:00 M:00 Y:1950"},{"label":"Date Original","value":"Late 19th-mid 20th century CE"},{"label":"Era","value":["Republican period","Qing dynasty"]},{"label":"Measurement","value":"Diameter:  12.2 cm (approximate); Height:  5.2 cm (approximate)"},{"label":"Medium","value":["Porcelain, Ge-type, underglaze gray, \"jin si tie xian\" (gold thread and iron wire)","Porcelain"]},{"label":"Country of Origin","value":["China"]},{"label":"Description","value":"This is a Ge*-type bo bowl with a wide, open mouth and a flat bi-shaped base (yu bi xing di). Both the exterior and interior are in a gray glaze. Overall the glazing evidently bears large, gray iron-colored and small brownish-golden crackles, or 'jin si tie xian' (gold thread and iron wire), which is unique to the Ge ware. The ring of the bi-shaped base is unglazed, exposing the smoothly wheeled brown body with a circle of spur marks. The recessed center of the base is glazed and crackled, similar to the bowl itself. The bi-shaped base usually appears on bowls made in the mid to late Tang dynasty. A disc is cut away from the flat base of a bowl, leaving the base with a ring resembling a jade bi. The ring is unglazed and the recessed center may or may not be glazed. But as to this Ge-type bo bowl, its bi-shaped base is actually flat rather than raised as the standard practice. Further, the Ge ware was first developed during the Song period. Thus, this piece is a combination of the Song-Song-style crackles and the Tang-style base, a practice frequently adopted by later replicas. Therefore, this Ge-type bo bowl should be a recent copy, approximately made during the late 19th century to mid-20th century. * The Ge kiln (elder brother's kiln) refers to a legendary Song kiln whose site is still unknown today. The color of the recognized extant Ge vessels varies from black, dark gray, light gray to earth-yellow. The dark body was known as 'iron bone'. Ge ware is coated in a thin layer of opacified gray-green glaze, with variations such as rice yellow and a paler version of gray-green or rice yellow. The crackles on Ge ware are of two types. One is known as jin si tie xian (gold thread and iron wire) which is a combination of large dark crackles and small yellow crackles. The other is a crackle of similar size. Most Ge vessels were fired on their own foot and only a few used spurs. Common vessel forms include bowls, saucer dishes, washes, vases, cencers, dishes and jars. No mention has been made of Ge ware in Song literature nor have any examples been found in a Song tomb. The shape and technique used on many of these extant Ge ware bear characteristics of Yuan porcelain. Therefore, one point of view among scholars is that the period of Ge ware production could be extended from the Southern Song to the Yuan dynasty. The Yuan scholar Kong Qi first mentioned the terms ge ge dong yao (the kiln in the elder brother's cave) and ge ge yao (the elder brother's kiln) in his Zhi Zheng Zhi Ji (Plain Records of the Zhizheng Reign) of the Yuan dynasty. In the early Ming, author Cao Zhao also used the term 'ge ge yao' in his Ge Gu Yao Lun (The Essential Criteria of Antiquities) 1388. The first reference to ge yao (Ge kiln or ware) has been found in Xuande Ding Yi Pu (A Manual of Xuande Ritual Vessels) of 1428. At the end of Yuan, the difference between the old and new ge ge yao was noted. From the Xuande and Chenghua reigns of the Ming, Jingdezhen started making imitations of Ge wares, which continued into the Qing dynasty."},{"label":"Title","value":"Ge-type gray-glazed bo bowl"},{"label":"Rights","value":"Materials available through GettDigital encompass a wide range of works, many of which are in the public domain. However, some items may still be protected by copyright or other intellectual property rights. Users are responsible for determining the copyright status of materials and ensuring compliance with all applicable laws when reproducing or publishing these works. Items in our GettDigital Collections are for educational use. For assistance in understanding rights, obtaining permissions, or requesting files for publication or research purposes, please contact us at <a href=\"www.gettysburg.edu/special-collections/ask-an-archivist\">www.gettysburg.edu/special-collections/ask-an-archivist</a>"},{"label":"Reference URL","value":"http://cdm16274.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p4016coll6/id/1034"}],"description":"Ge-type gray-glazed bo bowl","sequences":[{"@type":"sc:Sequence","canvases":[{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/gettysburg/iiif/55eaa16a-a638-421d-bebf-ffd547dbf9e8/canvas/_1","@type":"sc:Canvas","label":"Ge-type gray-glazed bo bowl","height":512,"width":768,"images":[{"@type":"oa:Annotation","motivation":"sc:painting","resource":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/gettysburg/iiif/55eaa16a-a638-421d-bebf-ffd547dbf9e8/full/full/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","service":{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/gettysburg/iiif/55eaa16a-a638-421d-bebf-ffd547dbf9e8","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json","tiles":[{"width":512,"scaleFactors":[1,2]}]},"height":512,"width":768},"on":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/gettysburg/iiif/55eaa16a-a638-421d-bebf-ffd547dbf9e8/canvas/_1","metadata":[]}],"thumbnail":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/gettysburg/iiif/55eaa16a-a638-421d-bebf-ffd547dbf9e8/full/500,500/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","height":500,"width":500}}]}],"thumbnail":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/gettysburg/iiif/55eaa16a-a638-421d-bebf-ffd547dbf9e8/full/500,500/0/default.jpg","logo":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/gettysburg/iiif/logo"}