{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/2/context.json","@type":"sc:Manifest","@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/gettysburg/iiif/4c2d083d-f3d8-4eff-b62f-02eee451918b/manifest","label":"gaa_covered-jar-with-famille-rose-bird-and-flower-designs_138","metadata":[{"label":"Identifier","value":"gaa_covered-jar-with-famille-rose-bird-and-flower-designs_138"},{"label":"Citation","value":"Object Name, Date Original (if known), GettDigital: Asian Art Collection, Special Collections / Musselman Library, Gettysburg College, Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, Access Date, Link to Item"},{"label":"Repository","value":"Special Collections and College Archives, Musselman Library, Gettysburg College"},{"label":"Inventory Number","value":"138"},{"label":"Part of","value":["Asian Art GettDigital Collection"]},{"label":"Provenance","value":"The Estate of Prof. Frank Kramer"},{"label":"Genre","value":["Artifacts"]},{"label":"Object Location","value":"CG.4"},{"label":"Note","value":"On the base of the footring there is an inscribed n&quotjiack woo character within a green Kangxi style ai ye (Artemisia leaf); the leaf is outlined in black."},{"label":"Date","value":"D:00 M:00 Y:1821 - D:00 M:00 Y:1850"},{"label":"Date Original","value":"Early and mid 19th century CE (1821-1850 CE)"},{"label":"Era","value":["Attributed to the Daoguang reign","Qing dynasty"]},{"label":"Measurement","value":"Height:  76.2 cm (approximate); Diameter at mouth: 6.6 cm; Original black wood stand"},{"label":"Medium","value":["porcelain, teakwood, famille rose","Ceramics"]},{"label":"Country of Origin","value":["China"]},{"label":"Description","value":"This covered jar has a teakwood cover, a short neck, slanting shoulders, a deep bulging body tapering to the bottom, and a footring. Its teakwood cover with its lotus flower-shaped knob bears an engraving of raised cloud collars in the center against a background of incised checked patterns. The exterior of this jar itself is excellently glazed and decorated, while its interior is roughly made and thinly glazed in white. The base of the footring is in a white glaze as well. The bulging body of this covered jar is elegantly decorated with multi-colored famille rose* designs. Two long-tailed golden pheasants are delicately represented in yellow, iron red, blue and green. One is shown perching on a pomegranate tree branch and looking back with eyes closed, while the other is descending between the branch and what appear to be two cherry trees. To the left two birds, one green and one light blue, are flying around between one of the cherry trees and a peach tree. Under them is a grotesque rock with pine needles as well as rouge red (yang hong or foreign red) and greenish yellow lingzhi fungus. Another light blue bird is flying among the peach tree. On the bottom of the bulging body are wave patterns, which suggest the setting of these designs. On top of the short neck there is a narrow band of continuous classic scrolls in iron red. It is followed by a wide band of two adjoined sets of oblique lines in the opposite directions, the set of densely rendered ones on a black background. In considering the complex iconography of the designs on the bulging body, this covered jar evidently once served as part of some special occasion, possibly a wedding celebration. To name a few, the pomegranate is a symbol of fertility and of numerous progeny, and in this sense commonly appeared on betrothal gifts. The peach denotes longevity and immortality. It was an early Taoist emblem of marriage, and considered protectorate of the virginal qualities of maidenhood. The cherry blossom symbolizes feminine beauty. The Lingzhi fungus is an ingredient of the elixir of immortality and thus, a symbol of longevity. It resembles the ruyi (as you wish) scepter, or wish-fulfilling wand, popular in later Ming and early Qing art. Like the lingzhi fungus, the pine is also an emblem of longevity. The rock is a symbol of permanence and solidarity. Generally depicted as yellow and red, the golden pheasant was embroidered on rank badges of civil officials in the Ming and Qing courts. It represented a second-rank civil official during the Qing period. To sum up, the combination of pomegranates, peaches, rock, lingzhi fungus, and pine needles conveys a wish for a happy and lasting marriage, many sons and long life. The cherry blossom and golden pheasants may signify the beauty of the bride and the high official rank of the groom respectively, the so-called nang cai nü mao in Chinese. On the base of the footring there is an inscribed \"jia\" character within a green Kangxi style ai ye (Artemisia leaf). Ai ye is the Artemisia leaf that was used by the Chinese as a fragrant plant that brought good omens and prevented disease. The leaf here is outlined in black. Dr. Chao-ming Chen suggested in his letter to Dr. Kramer that it may stand for the Jiaqing reign (1796-1820) of the Qing dynasty. Although it is the same as the first character of Jiaqing, it cannot necessarily be concluded that this character stands for the reign mark. As a matter of fact the reign marks are always inscribed using their full name on Chinese porcelain. Furthermore, the shape of this covered jar is a typical Daoguang style (1821-1850), later than the Jiaqing reign. It is a Chinese tradition that much esteem would be held to their previous reigns, especially during the Qing dynasty, the last feudal dynasty of China. Accordingly, it was not the practice to just use one character of the late Emperor's reign mark to represent convey the full name. Therefore, Dr. Chen's hypothesis is not substantiated. It is hard to tell what this character \"jia\" means on this object. It most likely came from the name of the potter or workshop that produced this piece. Or, as Dr. Chen mentioned in his letter to Dr. Kramer, perhaps it was used \"to show that the workmanship of this porcelain was in good taste or as a fine specimen\" since \"jia\" literally means \"good\" in Chinese. As mentioned above, the shape of this covered jar is that of the typical Daoguang style. Further, when observed against the light, the glaze on it does not appear exceedingly bright as that found on recent porcelains. Thus, this piece may be an antique, and was possibly made during the Daoguang period. * Famille rose (fen cai ) refers to a palette developed in the same basis of the famille verte palette (kang xi wu cai ) of the Kangxi reign of the Qing dynasty and which was under the direct influence of the enamel decoration ware. In the last years of the Kangxi reign, foreign rouge-red enamel was used to color flower petals. This started the trend toward a new palette (known in the West as famille rose) during the succeeding Yongzheng and Qianlong reigns. The famille rose is characteristically used in this way: glassy white (bo li bai) in which an opaque white enamel (lead arsenate) is employed as the base for coloring garments or flower petals; also, rue oil is used as the drying oil in mixing some pigments. Many enamels of the palette include certain imported materials, such foreign red, foreign yellow, foreign green, and foreign white. Compared with the famille verte, the new palette fires at a lower temperature and has a wider color range. It also appears softer and gentler, hence its other name 'soft colors' (ruan cai). During the Yongzheng reign, famille rose wares reached their zenith, replacing the famille verte of the Kangxi reign and becoming the dominate palette in overglaze decoration. The decoration was painted not only on a white background, but also on such colored backgrounds as coral, red, light green, caramel, black, etc. During the Qianlong reign, new techniques continued to develop. As a departure from the earlier simple washing method, flower petals in rouge red were outlined. More colors began to appear as the background. The designs also grew increasingly complex, especially in the case of wares with a red or green phoenix tail design as the background (feng wei wen), which was fashionable in the late Qianlong and early Jiaqing period. As this new decorative technique used many imported materials, and it method of mixing pigments was also 'foreign', it acquired the name 'foreign colors' (yang cai) in the Qianlong reign."},{"label":"Title","value":"Covered jar with famille rose bird-and-flower designs"},{"label":"Rights","value":"Materials available through GettDigital encompass a wide range of works, many of which are in the public domain. However, some items may still be protected by copyright or other intellectual property rights. Users are responsible for determining the copyright status of materials and ensuring compliance with all applicable laws when reproducing or publishing these works. Items in our GettDigital Collections are for educational use. For assistance in understanding rights, obtaining permissions, or requesting files for publication or research purposes, please contact us at <a href=\"www.gettysburg.edu/special-collections/ask-an-archivist\">www.gettysburg.edu/special-collections/ask-an-archivist</a>"},{"label":"Reference URL","value":"http://cdm16274.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p4016coll6/id/1424"}],"description":"Covered jar with famille rose bird-and-flower designs","sequences":[{"@type":"sc:Sequence","canvases":[{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/gettysburg/iiif/4c2d083d-f3d8-4eff-b62f-02eee451918b/canvas/_1","@type":"sc:Canvas","label":"gaa_138_7","height":768,"width":512,"images":[{"@type":"oa:Annotation","motivation":"sc:painting","resource":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/gettysburg/iiif/34f77fe5-a267-463a-89d3-5de986fb6363/full/full/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","service":{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/gettysburg/iiif/34f77fe5-a267-463a-89d3-5de986fb6363","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json","tiles":[{"width":512,"scaleFactors":[1,2]}]},"height":768,"width":512},"on":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/gettysburg/iiif/4c2d083d-f3d8-4eff-b62f-02eee451918b/canvas/_1","metadata":[{"label":"Identifier","value":"gaa_138_7"},{"label":"Title","value":"Front"},{"label":"Reference URL","value":"http://cdm16274.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p4016coll6/id/1422"}]}],"thumbnail":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/gettysburg/iiif/34f77fe5-a267-463a-89d3-5de986fb6363/full/500,500/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","height":500,"width":500}},{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/gettysburg/iiif/4c2d083d-f3d8-4eff-b62f-02eee451918b/canvas/_2","@type":"sc:Canvas","label":"gaa_138_9","height":768,"width":512,"images":[{"@type":"oa:Annotation","motivation":"sc:painting","resource":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/gettysburg/iiif/33810f14-d3e4-46cb-8b38-19628f007051/full/full/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","service":{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/gettysburg/iiif/33810f14-d3e4-46cb-8b38-19628f007051","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json"},"height":768,"width":512},"on":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/gettysburg/iiif/4c2d083d-f3d8-4eff-b62f-02eee451918b/canvas/_2","metadata":[{"label":"Identifier","value":"gaa_138_9"},{"label":"Title","value":"Back"},{"label":"Reference URL","value":"http://cdm16274.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p4016coll6/id/1423"}]}],"thumbnail":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/gettysburg/iiif/33810f14-d3e4-46cb-8b38-19628f007051/full/500,500/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","height":500,"width":500}}]}],"thumbnail":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/gettysburg/iiif/34f77fe5-a267-463a-89d3-5de986fb6363/full/300,300/0/default.jpg","logo":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/gettysburg/iiif/logo"}