{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/2/context.json","@type":"sc:Manifest","@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/gettysburg/iiif/45630d03-2c6b-4e26-9060-bb30985cc083/manifest","label":"gaa_dou-cai-contrasting-colors-shallow-dish_c22","metadata":[{"label":"Identifier","value":"gaa_dou-cai-contrasting-colors-shallow-dish_c22"},{"label":"Citation","value":"Object Name, Date Original (if known), GettDigital: Asian Art Collection, Special Collections / Musselman Library, Gettysburg College, Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, Access Date, Link to Item"},{"label":"Repository","value":"Special Collections and College Archives, Musselman Library, Gettysburg College"},{"label":"Inventory Number","value":"C22"},{"label":"Part of","value":["Asian Art GettDigital Collection"]},{"label":"Provenance","value":"The Estate of Prof. Frank Kramer"},{"label":"Genre","value":["Artifacts"]},{"label":"Object Location","value":"C.26"},{"label":"Date","value":"D:00 M:00 Y:1723 - D:00 M:00 Y:1735"},{"label":"Date Original","value":"18th century CE (1723-1735 CE)"},{"label":"Era","value":["Yongzheng reign","Qing dynasty"]},{"label":"Measurement","value":"Height: 3.2 cm; Diameter 20.3 cm; Original black wood stand"},{"label":"Medium","value":["Porcelain, dou cai (contrasting colors), underglaze blue and red, oveglaze yellow and green, wood","Porcelain"]},{"label":"Country of Origin","value":["China"]},{"label":"Description","value":"This is an elegantly decorated dou cai* (contrasting colors) shallow dish with a flaring mouth and a short footring. Its exterior is decorated with 2 pairs of double-antlered dragons vigorously walking among the clouds in various colors on a smooth and even white glazed background. The leading dragon of each pair is depicted looking back while stepping forward, while he is followed by the other dragon. Between them is a flaming pearl in different colors. The two leading dragons are represented primarily in overglaze yellow and green, while the two that follow are primarily in underglaze red and blue. Except for the one five-clawed dragon in underglaze blue, the other three dragons are four-clawed. The interior is finely glazed in white without decorations. The dragon is one of the most important and complex of mythical animals in China. It ranks first of the \"Four Supernatural Spirits\", the phoenix being the second, the lin (unicorn) third and the tortoise fourth. A great variety of dragons are portrayed in Chinese art, often chasing a pearl and almost always surrounded by flames. Although its appearance always looks ferocious, it is the most benevolent of creatures. It was the god of rain, who brought thunder, lightning, rain and thus, fertility and abundance to the land. The dragon also represents the male principle of nature (yang), a symbol of vigor and fertility. In the early period it was worshiped by the Chinese as one of the four beasts of good augury. Later on it became one of the symbolic animals of the Four Directions. It stands for the east, which is associated with the sunrise, fertility, and spring rain. Its counterpart is the white tiger of the west, the land of the underworld. The other two animals of the Four Directions are the bird of the south, and the snake and turtle of the north. In certain manifestations, the dragon exclusively represented the emperor who sat on the dragon throne and was borne aloft by dragons when he died. Since the Han dynasty, the five-clawed dragon has been the symbol of the emperor. During the Qing dynasty, vessels with dragon designs were exclusively owned by the imperial families and higher officials who had been given special authorization from the emperor. According to the Yuanshi fuzhi (History of the Yuan Dynasty Records of the Costumes), \"shangjiao wuzhua longwen chenshu bude shiyong\" (subjects and the ordinary people cannot be allowed to use designs of dragon with double antlers and five claws). The restraint lasted until the end of the Qing period. As this shallow dish bears a double-antlered and five-clawed dragon primarily in underglaze blue, it is evident that this object is an imperial vessel once exclusively used by the Yongzheng Emperor. The representation of the four dragons on this shallow dish is in a combined style of the Kangxi and Yongzheng periods. The depiction of the two leading dragons is just a case in point. The portrayal of their faces is characteristic of the Kangxi style while the illustration of their bodies and claws is typical of the Yongzheng style. The representation of the two other following dragons, especially the dragon with the double antlers and five claws largely in underglaze blue, corresponds more to the Kangxi style. Actually, this underglaze blue dragon bears much resemblance to a dragon design represented on a blue-and-white stem bowl with dragon and phoenix designs in the Palace Museum in Beijing. (Cat. 69, from Geng Baocang, Gugongbowuyuan cang wenwu zhenpin quanji: Qing hua you li hong (xia) &lt; Complete rare works from the Palace Museum, Beijing: underglaze blue and red decorations, vol.3&gt; &lt; Hong Kong: shangwu yinshuguan, 2000.&gt; ). On the base of the footring, within a double 'bowstring' circle in underglaze blue, there is an inscribed three-column \"da qing yong zheng nian zhi\" (Made during the Yongzheng reign of the Great Qing) in standard script and underglaze blue. Moreover, a paper labeled 'Yungcheng 1723-1736, no. 48' and another paper labeled '#1029 (history) Yungcheng' are placed just outside the double-outlined circle in underglaze blue. The 'qing' character in the reign mark shows a variant written style. Such a type is said to have probably appeared on early Yongzheng porcelains. A bowl with dragon designs attributed to the Yongzheng reign, and listed in page 177 from Mr. and Mrs. Mascarelli's book titled The Ceramics of China: 500 BC to 1912 AD (Atglen, PA.: Schiffer Publishing Ltd., 2003), bears a reign mark with the 'qing' character in the same variant style. Further, when taking a closer view, the surface of the glaze clearly exhibits the orange skin patterns (ju pi wen) that typically appear on Yongzheng vessels. *This term, in its broad sense, refers to a painted decoration combining the underglaze blue and overglaze polychrome. The tem dou cai first occurred in Nan Yao Bi Ji (Notes on the Southern Wares, 1730s-40s). It has been suggested that a term used in the Ming dynasty 'qing hua jian zhuang wu cai' (overglaze decoration complemented by underglaze blue) referred to the same technique. During the Xuande reign of the Ming dynasty, the underglaze blue was combined with the overglaze five-colors to form a design. However, strictly speaking, dou cai was invented in the Chenghua reign when part of the design was drawn in underglaze blue on the body. After the vessel was coated with a layer of transparent glaze and fired, the overglaze pigments were added to complete the design. Dou cai wares continued to flourish during the Jiajing and Wanli reigns of the Ming dynasty and continued into the Kangxi reign of the Qing. The enamels on the fen cai (famille rose) palette were used in the dou cai decoration during the Yongzheng reign."},{"label":"Title","value":"Dou cai (contrasting colors) shallow dish"},{"label":"Rights","value":"Materials available through GettDigital encompass a wide range of works, many of which are in the public domain. However, some items may still be protected by copyright or other intellectual property rights. Users are responsible for determining the copyright status of materials and ensuring compliance with all applicable laws when reproducing or publishing these works. Items in our GettDigital Collections are for educational use. For assistance in understanding rights, obtaining permissions, or requesting files for publication or research purposes, please contact us at <a href=\"www.gettysburg.edu/special-collections/ask-an-archivist\">www.gettysburg.edu/special-collections/ask-an-archivist</a>"},{"label":"Reference URL","value":"http://cdm16274.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p4016coll6/id/2100"}],"description":"Dou cai (contrasting colors) shallow dish","sequences":[{"@type":"sc:Sequence","canvases":[{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/gettysburg/iiif/45630d03-2c6b-4e26-9060-bb30985cc083/canvas/_1","@type":"sc:Canvas","label":"gaa_2_2098","height":424,"width":757,"images":[{"@type":"oa:Annotation","motivation":"sc:painting","resource":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/gettysburg/iiif/c25f006b-9c2b-421e-b57b-af8d431aa37f/full/full/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","service":{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/gettysburg/iiif/c25f006b-9c2b-421e-b57b-af8d431aa37f","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json","tiles":[{"width":512,"scaleFactors":[1,2]}]},"height":424,"width":757},"on":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/gettysburg/iiif/45630d03-2c6b-4e26-9060-bb30985cc083/canvas/_1","metadata":[{"label":"Identifier","value":"gaa_2_2098"},{"label":"Title","value":"Top"},{"label":"Reference URL","value":"http://cdm16274.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p4016coll6/id/2098"}]}],"thumbnail":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/gettysburg/iiif/c25f006b-9c2b-421e-b57b-af8d431aa37f/full/500,500/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","height":500,"width":500}},{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/gettysburg/iiif/45630d03-2c6b-4e26-9060-bb30985cc083/canvas/_2","@type":"sc:Canvas","label":"gaa_5","height":423,"width":768,"images":[{"@type":"oa:Annotation","motivation":"sc:painting","resource":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/gettysburg/iiif/a357ad2a-6004-4b42-be3d-99ee6caff152/full/full/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","service":{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/gettysburg/iiif/a357ad2a-6004-4b42-be3d-99ee6caff152","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json"},"height":423,"width":768},"on":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/gettysburg/iiif/45630d03-2c6b-4e26-9060-bb30985cc083/canvas/_2","metadata":[{"label":"Identifier","value":"gaa_5"},{"label":"Title","value":"Side"},{"label":"Reference URL","value":"http://cdm16274.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p4016coll6/id/2099"}]}],"thumbnail":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/gettysburg/iiif/a357ad2a-6004-4b42-be3d-99ee6caff152/full/500,500/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","height":500,"width":500}}]}],"thumbnail":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/gettysburg/iiif/c25f006b-9c2b-421e-b57b-af8d431aa37f/full/300,300/0/default.jpg","logo":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/gettysburg/iiif/logo"}