{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/2/context.json","@type":"sc:Manifest","@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/gettysburg/iiif/2e3844c1-aadd-4b3e-87a6-31385de01440/manifest","label":"gaa_set-of-six-bowls_a90","metadata":[{"label":"Identifier","value":"gaa_set-of-six-bowls_a90"},{"label":"Citation","value":"Object Name, Date Original (if known), GettDigital: Asian Art Collection, Special Collections / Musselman Library, Gettysburg College, Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, Access Date, Link to Item"},{"label":"Repository","value":"Special Collections and College Archives, Musselman Library, Gettysburg College"},{"label":"Inventory Number","value":"A90"},{"label":"Accessioning Note","value":"A note from Dr. Kramer's folder \"Oriental Art-Inventory, n. d. (copy 1)\" (in Kramer's Box 4, file 17), refers to this item as \"China, A set of six Imperial Tao Kuang small white porcelain bowls bearing the six character reign mark on bottom in blue. Came in a specially made wood box. Wholesale price $50.00. Bought September 22, 1955 from a navy officer family who had lived long in Peking. She had many Chinese articles which she had inherited and decided to sell. But apparently when Dr. Chen appraised them and she found out how valuable they are she decided not to sell. We tried to get some of the others but she would not sell then. Only because Dr. Chen got her promised to sell us this set did she do it. He thought it so good we should have it. See file, c. 4\" diameter, c. 2 1/8\" high. Foot 1 ½\" diameter.\""},{"label":"Part of","value":["Asian Art GettDigital Collection"]},{"label":"Provenance","value":"The Estate of Prof. Frank Kramer"},{"label":"Genre","value":["Artifacts"]},{"label":"Object Location","value":"C.5"},{"label":"Date","value":"D:00 M:00 Y:1821 - D:00 M:00 Y:1850"},{"label":"Date Original","value":"Early-mid-19th century CE (1821-1850 CE)"},{"label":"Era","value":["Daoguang reign","Qing dynasty"]},{"label":"Measurement","value":"Height:  5.4 cm; Diameter  10.2 cm, foot diameter 3.8 cm"},{"label":"Medium","value":["Porcelain, underglaze blue, overglaze five-color decorations, wood","Porcelain"]},{"label":"Country of Origin","value":["China"]},{"label":"Description","value":"This is a set of six bowls, each with a flaring mouth and a footring. Except for one bowl which is bigger in size, the other five bowls are the same size. Each bowl is adorned with qing hua wu cai* (overglaze five-colors with underglaze blue design). The exterior is primarily decorated with two groups of stylized lotus, western lotus and peony scrolls in overglaze blue, yellow, green and red, framed by double 'bowstring' circles in an underglaze blue. On the upper side of the exterior is a band of stylized floral designs in an overglaze blue, green and red. The bottom of the inside of each bowl is illustrated with a medallion of two connected stylized lotus scrolls which face opposite directions and are that are surrounded by stylized floral designs within an underglaze blue double 'bowstring' circle. All of the designs in the medallion are in an overglaze blue, green, red and brown. The lotus is a symbol of purity and integrity. It is also one of the eight precious Buddhist things. The lotus comes out of the mud but remains itself unstained. It is inwardly empty yet outwardly upright. It has no branches (no family/offspring) yet smells sweet. The peony, known as fu gui hua (the flower of wealth and rank), conveys a wish for official rank in the emperor's civil service as well as a salary and perquisites to ensure wealth. On the base of the footring each bowl bears a reign mark \"da qing dao guang nian zhi\" (Made during the Daoguang Reign of the Great Qing) in seal script, three columns and underglaze blue. The decorative elements and style of this set of bowls are characteristic of the later reigns of the Qing dynasty such as the Qianlong, Jiaqing and Daoguang reigns. On the exterior of a similar-sized Jiaqing bowl with a horizontal mouthrim are the identical stylized floral designs in qing hua wu cai as on the six bowls (p.136, from Li Zongyang's book titled zhongguo mingqing ciqi mulu &lt; xia&gt; &lt; Catalogue of Chinese Ming and Qing Porcelain, vol.2) &lt; Haikou: nanfang chubanshe, 2000&gt; ). In addition, the motifs on the bottom of the inside of each bowl are almost identically reproduced on the interior bottom of a blue-and-white dou cai* (contrasting colors) dish with floral designs dated to the Daoguang Reign (1821-1850) (p.110, from Chen Yong, mingqing ciqi zhenyan duibi jianding &lt; Connoisseurship of the Genuine and Fake Ming Qing Porcelain&gt; &lt; Shanghai: shanghai guji chubanshe, 2002&gt; ). This dish also bears a Daoguang reign mark on the bottom of the base, in seal script, three columns and the underglaze blue. Moreover, several Daoguang blue-and-white dou cai bowls with floral and leafy designs bear similar stylized floral designs on their exterior (p.166, also from Li Zongyang's book). *Since the overglaze blue did not exist in the Ming dynasty, the blue on a polychrome-painted vessel had to be an underglaze blue. Such a combination is known as an overglaze five-colors with underglaze blue design (qing hua wu cai). It was in vogue during the Jiajing, Longqing and Wanli reigns. In the Qing dynasty, the overglaze blue replaced the underglaze blue in polychrome decoration. *This term, in its broad sense, refers to a painted decoration combining the underglaze blue and overglaze polychrome. The tem dou cai first occurred in Nan Yao Bi Ji (Notes on the Southern Wares, 1730s-40s). It has been suggested that a term used in the Ming dynasty 'qing hua jian zhuang wu cai' (overglaze decoration complemented by underglaze blue) referred to the same technique. During the Xuande reign of the Ming dynasty, the underglaze blue was combined with the overglaze five-colors to form a design. However, strictly speaking, dou cai was invented in the Chenghua reign when part of the design was drawn in underglaze blue on the body. After the vessel was coated with a layer of transparent glaze and fired, the overglaze pigments were added to complete the design. Dou cai wares continued to flourish during the Jiajing and Wanli reigns of the Ming dynasty and continued into the Kangxi reign of the Qing. The enamels on the fen cai (famille rose) palette were used in the dou cai decoration during the Yongzheng reign."},{"label":"Title","value":"Set of six bowls"},{"label":"Rights","value":"Materials available through GettDigital encompass a wide range of works, many of which are in the public domain. However, some items may still be protected by copyright or other intellectual property rights. Users are responsible for determining the copyright status of materials and ensuring compliance with all applicable laws when reproducing or publishing these works. Items in our GettDigital Collections are for educational use. For assistance in understanding rights, obtaining permissions, or requesting files for publication or research purposes, please contact us at <a href=\"www.gettysburg.edu/special-collections/ask-an-archivist\">www.gettysburg.edu/special-collections/ask-an-archivist</a>"},{"label":"Reference URL","value":"http://cdm16274.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p4016coll6/id/1635"}],"description":"Set of six bowls","sequences":[{"@type":"sc:Sequence","canvases":[{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/gettysburg/iiif/2e3844c1-aadd-4b3e-87a6-31385de01440/canvas/_1","@type":"sc:Canvas","label":"gaa_a-90-set-2_1","height":512,"width":768,"images":[{"@type":"oa:Annotation","motivation":"sc:painting","resource":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/gettysburg/iiif/edca4302-82c1-489d-94f2-3cfeb9fdcc1d/full/full/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","service":{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/gettysburg/iiif/edca4302-82c1-489d-94f2-3cfeb9fdcc1d","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json","tiles":[{"width":512,"scaleFactors":[1,2]}]},"height":512,"width":768},"on":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/gettysburg/iiif/2e3844c1-aadd-4b3e-87a6-31385de01440/canvas/_1","metadata":[{"label":"Identifier","value":"gaa_a-90-set-2_1"},{"label":"Title","value":"Above"},{"label":"Reference URL","value":"http://cdm16274.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p4016coll6/id/1633"}]}],"thumbnail":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/gettysburg/iiif/edca4302-82c1-489d-94f2-3cfeb9fdcc1d/full/500,500/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","height":500,"width":500}},{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/gettysburg/iiif/2e3844c1-aadd-4b3e-87a6-31385de01440/canvas/_2","@type":"sc:Canvas","label":"gaa_a-90-set-2_4","height":512,"width":768,"images":[{"@type":"oa:Annotation","motivation":"sc:painting","resource":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/gettysburg/iiif/6aa29239-77c2-4bb3-bdbe-29ddcd30ff79/full/full/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","service":{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/gettysburg/iiif/6aa29239-77c2-4bb3-bdbe-29ddcd30ff79","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json"},"height":512,"width":768},"on":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/gettysburg/iiif/2e3844c1-aadd-4b3e-87a6-31385de01440/canvas/_2","metadata":[{"label":"Identifier","value":"gaa_a-90-set-2_4"},{"label":"Title","value":"Side"},{"label":"Reference URL","value":"http://cdm16274.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p4016coll6/id/1634"}]}],"thumbnail":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/gettysburg/iiif/6aa29239-77c2-4bb3-bdbe-29ddcd30ff79/full/500,500/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","height":500,"width":500}}]}],"thumbnail":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/gettysburg/iiif/edca4302-82c1-489d-94f2-3cfeb9fdcc1d/full/300,300/0/default.jpg","logo":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/gettysburg/iiif/logo"}