{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/2/context.json","@type":"sc:Manifest","@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/gettysburg/iiif/2d1a510b-bf61-42b9-a011-02398d6077f6/manifest","label":"gaa_saucer-with-famille-rose-millefleurs-decoration_b51","metadata":[{"label":"Identifier","value":"gaa_saucer-with-famille-rose-millefleurs-decoration_b51"},{"label":"Citation","value":"Object Name, Date Original (if known), GettDigital: Asian Art Collection, Special Collections / Musselman Library, Gettysburg College, Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, Access Date, Link to Item"},{"label":"Repository","value":"Special Collections and College Archives, Musselman Library, Gettysburg College"},{"label":"Inventory Number","value":"B51"},{"label":"Part of","value":["Asian Art GettDigital Collection"]},{"label":"Provenance","value":"The Estate of Prof. Frank Kramer"},{"label":"Genre","value":["Artifacts"]},{"label":"Object Location","value":"C.7"},{"label":"Date","value":"D:00 M:00 Y:1891 - D:00 M:00 Y:1920"},{"label":"Date Original","value":"1891-1920 CE"},{"label":"Era","value":["Qing dynasty"]},{"label":"Measurement","value":"Height: 2.5 cm; Diameter 10.2 cm"},{"label":"Medium","value":["Porcelain, famille rose, millefleurs, wood","Porcelain"]},{"label":"Country of Origin","value":["China"]},{"label":"Description","value":"This is a saucer with a flaring mouth and a short footring. Its interior is fully decorated with famille rose* millefleurs decorations including peonies, Chinese roses, lotus flowers, plum blossoms, etc. on a black background. Millefleurs, also known as the \" design of a thousand flowers,\" is a type of floral design which was popular on Jingdezhen wares decorated with enamels in the famille rose palette of the Qianlong and Jiaqing reigns of the Qing dynasty. Usually the body of a vessel is entirely covered with assorted colorful flowers symbolizing the message - 'all the flowers offering their blessings'. The peony, the most prominent, is complemented by the chrysanthemum, camellia, Chinese rose, lotus, day-lily, morning glory, etc. The flowers are presented in all forms, sizes, and poses, and in great density usually on a white or a black background, the latter being more highly prized. The exterior of this saucer is white glazed and plainly adorned. On the base of the footring there is an inscribed reign mark \" da qing qian long nian zhi\" (Made during the Qianlong reign of the Great Qing) in red standard script. A \" Made in China\" paper label and a red stamp \" CHINA\" are next to this reign mark. As requested by the United States Law (U.S. Stamp Act of 1892), any exported wares to the United States from 1891 were required to be marked with CHINA. Further, this reign mark is actually not written in the Qianlong style when looking through dated Qianlong porcelains. It is evident that this is an object specially designed for the foreign trade. Thus this saucer is obviously a late Qing copy of similar products made during the Qianlong reign. * Famille rose (fen cai)refers to a palette developed in the same basis of the famille verte palette (kang xi wu cai) of the Kangxi reign of the Qing dynasty and which was under the direct influence of the enamel decoration ware. In the last years of the Kangxi reign, foreign rouge-red enamel was used to color flower petals. This started the trend toward a new palette (known in the West as famille rose) during the succeeding Yongzheng and Qianlong reigns. The famille rose is characteristically used in this way: glassy white (bo li bai) in which an opaque white enamel (lead arsenate) is employed as the base for coloring garments or flower petals; also, rue oil is used as the drying oil in mixing some pigments. Many enamels of the palette include certain imported materials, such foreign red, foreign yellow, foreign green, and foreign white. Compared with the famille verte, the new palette fires at a lower temperature and has a wider color range. It also appears softer and gentler, hence its other name 'soft colors' (ruan cai). During the Yongzheng reign, famille rose wares reached their zenith, replacing the famille verte of the Kangxi reign and becoming the dominate palette in overglaze decoration. The decoration was painted not only on a white background, but also on such colored backgrounds as coral, red, light green, caramel, black, etc. During the Qianlong reign, new techniques continued to develop. As a departure from the earlier simple washing method, flower petals in rouge red were outlined. More colors began to appear as the background. The designs also grew increasingly complex, especially in the case of wares with a red or green phoenix tail design as the background (feng wei wen), which was fashionable in the late Qianlong and early Jiaqing period. As this new decorative technique used many imported materials, and it method of mixing pigments was also 'foreign', it acquired the name 'foreign colors' (yang cai) in the Qianlong reign."},{"label":"Title","value":"Saucer with famille rose millefleurs decoration"},{"label":"Rights","value":"Materials available through GettDigital encompass a wide range of works, many of which are in the public domain. However, some items may still be protected by copyright or other intellectual property rights. Users are responsible for determining the copyright status of materials and ensuring compliance with all applicable laws when reproducing or publishing these works. Items in our GettDigital Collections are for educational use. For assistance in understanding rights, obtaining permissions, or requesting files for publication or research purposes, please contact us at <a href=\"www.gettysburg.edu/special-collections/ask-an-archivist\">www.gettysburg.edu/special-collections/ask-an-archivist</a>"},{"label":"Reference URL","value":"http://cdm16274.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p4016coll6/id/1223"}],"description":"Saucer with famille rose millefleurs decoration","sequences":[{"@type":"sc:Sequence","canvases":[{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/gettysburg/iiif/2d1a510b-bf61-42b9-a011-02398d6077f6/canvas/_1","@type":"sc:Canvas","label":"Saucer with famille rose millefleurs decoration","height":512,"width":768,"images":[{"@type":"oa:Annotation","motivation":"sc:painting","resource":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/gettysburg/iiif/2d1a510b-bf61-42b9-a011-02398d6077f6/full/full/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","service":{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/gettysburg/iiif/2d1a510b-bf61-42b9-a011-02398d6077f6","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json","tiles":[{"width":512,"scaleFactors":[1,2]}]},"height":512,"width":768},"on":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/gettysburg/iiif/2d1a510b-bf61-42b9-a011-02398d6077f6/canvas/_1","metadata":[]}],"thumbnail":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/gettysburg/iiif/2d1a510b-bf61-42b9-a011-02398d6077f6/full/500,500/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","height":500,"width":500}}]}],"thumbnail":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/gettysburg/iiif/2d1a510b-bf61-42b9-a011-02398d6077f6/full/500,500/0/default.jpg","logo":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/gettysburg/iiif/logo"}