{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/2/context.json","@type":"sc:Manifest","@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/gettysburg/iiif/209e29d5-35c7-4436-a20f-ca3265c220db/manifest","label":"gaa_red-jade-bi-disc-pendant_673","metadata":[{"label":"Identifier","value":"gaa_red-jade-bi-disc-pendant_673"},{"label":"Citation","value":"Object Name, Date Original (if known), GettDigital: Asian Art Collection, Special Collections / Musselman Library, Gettysburg College, Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, Access Date, Link to Item"},{"label":"Repository","value":"Special Collections and College Archives, Musselman Library, Gettysburg College"},{"label":"Inventory Number","value":"673"},{"label":"Part of","value":["Asian Art GettDigital Collection"]},{"label":"Provenance","value":"The Estate of Prof. Frank Kramer; purchased from Cole Galleries, NYC, in 1942"},{"label":"Genre","value":["Artifacts"]},{"label":"Object Location","value":"J.5"},{"label":"Date","value":"D:00 M:00 Y:1700"},{"label":"Date Original","value":"c. 4000 BCE-17th century CE"},{"label":"Measurement","value":"Outer diameter: 2.3 cm; Inner diameter: 0.7 cm"},{"label":"Medium","value":["Brownish jade, darker on one side, good translucency, moderately polished","Jade"]},{"label":"Country of Origin","value":["China"]},{"label":"Description","value":"This red jade bi disc pendant is decorated with incised lines and scrolls, it is flat with a hole in the center. This very small and pure shaped jade ring appears to be a Neolithic piece or a careful copy in the well-fashioned traditional form of Neolithic pieces. It may have been found as a grave jade from the north-western Neolithic cultures of the Eastern Zhou to the Han period. Considering its relatively small size, this jade may have been intended to be worn as an ornament.* This ring seems to have belonged to an earlier stage in the development of jade pendants with the earliest motifs originating from the Neolithic period. It is crudely carved with irregular circular outer and inner diameters, and it contains some stray scratches that indicate its originality and archaistic rendering style. Its uneven surface is gauchely incised in a cloud pattern with a half-way plain border on one side. A full plain border encircles a curious relief composite of a small notch, an obscure creature, and small raised, rounded scrolls on the other side. A cord would have been placed in the inner hole through which the pendant was hung. The uncharacteristic design, inept workmanship, and the distinct texture and quality of the jade stone signify the peculiarities of its provenance and reflect the aesthetic thinking of the period in which it was carved. The bi discs are thought to be symbols of Heaven, their shape representing the endless circle of life, longevity, ever-lasting life. The bi originated in the Neolithic period (3400-2250 BC) and were carried forward into the Shang, Zhou and Han dynasties. Most early bi discs are undecorated while disks from later periods have ornate surface carvings. In the early days, discs were placed on the dead, usually on the chest. During the Han Dynasty, they were worn by the living, hung on cords with other pendants or plaques, strung like charms. They became a sign of rank. * Jessica Rawson classifies jade use of the Neolithic period (c. 5000-1000 B.C.) in three principal categories: ceremonial blades, objects of ritual use, and personal ornaments (Chinese Jade: from the Neolithic to the Qing, p 28)."},{"label":"Title","value":"Red Jade Bi Disc Pendant"},{"label":"Rights","value":"Materials available through GettDigital encompass a wide range of works, many of which are in the public domain. However, some items may still be protected by copyright or other intellectual property rights. Users are responsible for determining the copyright status of materials and ensuring compliance with all applicable laws when reproducing or publishing these works. Items in our GettDigital Collections are for educational use. For assistance in understanding rights, obtaining permissions, or requesting files for publication or research purposes, please contact us at <a href=\"www.gettysburg.edu/special-collections/ask-an-archivist\">www.gettysburg.edu/special-collections/ask-an-archivist</a>"},{"label":"Reference URL","value":"http://cdm16274.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p4016coll6/id/1560"}],"description":"Red Jade Bi Disc Pendant","sequences":[{"@type":"sc:Sequence","canvases":[{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/gettysburg/iiif/209e29d5-35c7-4436-a20f-ca3265c220db/canvas/_1","@type":"sc:Canvas","label":"gaa_673_1","height":576,"width":384,"images":[{"@type":"oa:Annotation","motivation":"sc:painting","resource":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/gettysburg/iiif/632444df-fbd5-455e-8a5d-4ad754a19b2b/full/full/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","service":{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/gettysburg/iiif/632444df-fbd5-455e-8a5d-4ad754a19b2b","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json","tiles":[{"width":512,"scaleFactors":[1,2]}]},"height":576,"width":384},"on":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/gettysburg/iiif/209e29d5-35c7-4436-a20f-ca3265c220db/canvas/_1","metadata":[{"label":"Identifier","value":"gaa_673_1"},{"label":"Title","value":"Front"},{"label":"Reference URL","value":"http://cdm16274.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p4016coll6/id/1558"}]}],"thumbnail":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/gettysburg/iiif/632444df-fbd5-455e-8a5d-4ad754a19b2b/full/500,500/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","height":500,"width":500}},{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/gettysburg/iiif/209e29d5-35c7-4436-a20f-ca3265c220db/canvas/_2","@type":"sc:Canvas","label":"gaa_673_2","height":576,"width":384,"images":[{"@type":"oa:Annotation","motivation":"sc:painting","resource":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/gettysburg/iiif/db83ef93-74f0-41c2-97c2-d6636609558d/full/full/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","service":{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/gettysburg/iiif/db83ef93-74f0-41c2-97c2-d6636609558d","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json"},"height":576,"width":384},"on":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/gettysburg/iiif/209e29d5-35c7-4436-a20f-ca3265c220db/canvas/_2","metadata":[{"label":"Identifier","value":"gaa_673_2"},{"label":"Title","value":"Back"},{"label":"Reference URL","value":"http://cdm16274.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p4016coll6/id/1559"}]}],"thumbnail":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/gettysburg/iiif/db83ef93-74f0-41c2-97c2-d6636609558d/full/500,500/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","height":500,"width":500}}]}],"thumbnail":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/gettysburg/iiif/632444df-fbd5-455e-8a5d-4ad754a19b2b/full/300,300/0/default.jpg","logo":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/gettysburg/iiif/logo"}