{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/2/context.json","@type":"sc:Manifest","@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/american/iiif/8966a2da-3e74-4222-8a2c-ab1e44ab7951/manifest","label":"guatemala_ct_0088_web","metadata":[{"label":"Title","value":"Guatemalan Army Directs Residents To Form Civil Defense Patrols In Huehuetenango"},{"label":"Digital Origin","value":["reformatted digital"]},{"label":"Media Type","value":["image/jpeg"]},{"label":"Physical description","value":"Guate T37404 original filename E_361_025_A"},{"label":"Physical location","value":"American University Library. Archives and Special Collections."},{"label":"Type of resource","value":["still image"]},{"label":"Use and reproduction","value":"Copyright ©1982 Robert Nickelsberg"},{"label":"Rights holder","value":["Nickelsberg, Robert"]},{"label":"Genre","value":["color slides"]},{"label":"Province","value":["Huehuetenango"]},{"label":"Handle","value":"http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96937"},{"label":"Identifier - Local","value":"guatemala_ct_0088_web"},{"label":"Creator","value":["Nickelsberg, Robert"]},{"label":"Creator role","value":["Photographer"]},{"label":"Date created","value":"1982-09-01"},{"label":"Date created (EDTF)","value":"D:01 M:09 Y:1982"},{"label":"Description","value":"Local residents listen to a Guatemalan army officer, left, speak about forming civil defense patrols to secure their villages against leftist guerrilla attacks near Huehuetenango, Guatemala, September 1, 1982. The Patrullas de Autodefensa Civil, civil defense patrols, PAC, were composed of members of rural communities particularly in the heavily indigenous northwest of the country and were directed with coercion and force by the Guatemalan Armed Forces. PACs effectively institutionalized military power at the local level by infiltrating and dissolving community loyalties and reorienting them to serve counterinsurgency efforts. The state regime was able to effectively recapture all guerrilla territory at an enormous cost in civilian deaths."},{"label":"Topical subject","value":["Patrullas de Autodefensa Civil (PAC)","Psychological warfare","Civilian casualties","Human rights violations","Counterinsurgency","Maya peoples","Genocide","Civil war","Guatemala","Central America","Military","Indigenous peoples"]},{"label":"Continent","value":["North and Central America"]},{"label":"Country","value":["Guatemala"]},{"label":"Special Collections","value":["The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg"]},{"label":"Download Restrictions","value":["Full Asset PDF","Original Item(s)"]},{"label":"Rights Statements","value":["In Copyright"]},{"label":"Rights Statements URI","value":"http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"}],"description":"Guatemalan Army Directs Residents To Form Civil Defense Patrols In Huehuetenango","sequences":[{"@type":"sc:Sequence","canvases":[{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/american/iiif/8966a2da-3e74-4222-8a2c-ab1e44ab7951/canvas/_1","@type":"sc:Canvas","label":"Guatemalan Army Directs Residents To Form Civil Defense Patrols In Huehuetenango","height":621,"width":900,"images":[{"@type":"oa:Annotation","motivation":"sc:painting","resource":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/american/iiif/8966a2da-3e74-4222-8a2c-ab1e44ab7951/full/full/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","service":{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/american/iiif/8966a2da-3e74-4222-8a2c-ab1e44ab7951","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json","tiles":[{"width":512,"scaleFactors":[1,2]}]},"height":621,"width":900},"on":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/american/iiif/8966a2da-3e74-4222-8a2c-ab1e44ab7951/canvas/_1","metadata":[]}],"thumbnail":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/american/iiif/8966a2da-3e74-4222-8a2c-ab1e44ab7951/full/500,500/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","height":500,"width":500}}]}],"thumbnail":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/american/iiif/8966a2da-3e74-4222-8a2c-ab1e44ab7951/full/500,500/0/default.jpg","logo":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/american/iiif/logo"}