{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/2/context.json","@type":"sc:Manifest","@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/american/iiif/3ca0798b-6da1-4769-bc30-9092d91ee33b/manifest","label":"guatemala_nb_0043_web","metadata":[{"label":"Title","value":"Guatemalan Army Helicopter Gunners On Patrol"},{"label":"City","value":["Los Encuentros"]},{"label":"Digital Origin","value":["reformatted digital"]},{"label":"Media Type","value":["image/jpeg"]},{"label":"Physical description","value":"Guate Album A T49649 C1 SP original filename 25"},{"label":"Physical location","value":"American University Library. Archives and Special Collections."},{"label":"Type of resource","value":["still image"]},{"label":"Use and reproduction","value":"Copyright ©1982 Robert Nickelsberg"},{"label":"Rights holder","value":["Nickelsberg, Robert"]},{"label":"Genre","value":["black-and-white negatives"]},{"label":"Province","value":["Sololá"]},{"label":"Handle","value":"http://hdl.handle.net/1961/auislandora:96768"},{"label":"Identifier - Local","value":"guatemala_nb_0043_web"},{"label":"Creator","value":["Nickelsberg, Robert"]},{"label":"Creator role","value":["Photographer"]},{"label":"Date created","value":"1982-01-21"},{"label":"Date created (EDTF)","value":"D:21 M:01 Y:1982"},{"label":"Description","value":"Guatemalan Army soldiers open fire on indigenous Maya civilians from a U.S.-made Bell helicopter flown by Guatemalan Army chief of staff Benedicto Lucas García near Los Encuentros, Guatemala, January 21, 1982. Lucas García claimed if the locals run from the helicopter, they must be guilty of being guerrillas. From 1981 to 1983, the Guatemalan military employed a counterinsurgency tactic known as scorched earth that holistically targeted the insurgent base through complete destruction of infrastructure and food supply, as well as the persecution of civilians suspected of aiding the guerrilla cause. This three-year period accounts for 81 percent of the violations reported by Guatemala's Historical Clarification Commission in the 36-year conflict, with nearly half of all reported violations occurring during 1982."},{"label":"Topical subject","value":["Benedicto Lucas García","Military aid","Civilian casualties","Human rights violations","Military","Maya peoples","Genocide","Civil war","Guatemala","Counterinsurgency","Indigenous peoples"]},{"label":"Continent","value":["North and Central America"]},{"label":"Country","value":["Guatemala"]},{"label":"Special Collections","value":["The Photographic Archive of Robert Nickelsberg"]},{"label":"Download Restrictions","value":["Full Asset PDF","Original Item(s)"]},{"label":"Rights Statements","value":["In Copyright"]},{"label":"Rights Statements URI","value":"http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"}],"description":"Guatemalan Army Helicopter Gunners On Patrol","sequences":[{"@type":"sc:Sequence","canvases":[{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/american/iiif/3ca0798b-6da1-4769-bc30-9092d91ee33b/canvas/_1","@type":"sc:Canvas","label":"Guatemalan Army Helicopter Gunners On Patrol","height":900,"width":621,"images":[{"@type":"oa:Annotation","motivation":"sc:painting","resource":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/american/iiif/3ca0798b-6da1-4769-bc30-9092d91ee33b/full/full/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","service":{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/american/iiif/3ca0798b-6da1-4769-bc30-9092d91ee33b","profile":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level2.json","tiles":[{"width":512,"scaleFactors":[1,2]}]},"height":900,"width":621},"on":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/american/iiif/3ca0798b-6da1-4769-bc30-9092d91ee33b/canvas/_1","metadata":[]}],"thumbnail":{"@id":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/american/iiif/3ca0798b-6da1-4769-bc30-9092d91ee33b/full/500,500/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","height":500,"width":500}}]}],"thumbnail":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/american/iiif/3ca0798b-6da1-4769-bc30-9092d91ee33b/full/500,500/0/default.jpg","logo":"https://iiif.quartexcollections.com/american/iiif/logo"}